MICR 4423 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the essential features of an antibiotic? - answers - 1. Must kill/stop growth of
bacteria
2. Does not harm the host
Is aspirin an antibiotic? Why or why not? - answers - no because it does not kill/stop
growth of bacteria
Is bleach an antibiotic? Why or why not? - answers - no because it harms the host
What are the practical features of an antibiotic? - answers - -shelf life
-potency
-ability to make enough/synthesize
-economically availible
-bioavailible
What do we mean by the minimal inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic? How does it
related to potency? - answers - 1. The mic is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic
that prevents visible growth of standard bacterial inoculum.
2. Inversely proportional the higher the potency, the lower the mic.
How do you measure the mic of an antiobiotic? - answers - -you can measure it by
doing an in vitro dilution test and determining the smallest amount of the concentration
of antibiotic (point where there is no turbulence)
-serial dilutions of antibiotics added to growth mediums in different tubes. Look at
cloudiness in tubes. No antibiotic = very cloudy
You isolate a new compound that effectively kills many bacterial species and is
harmless when administered to mammals. Upon further testing, you learn that the
compound is stable at 25°c, with a half-life of days, but is unstable at 37°c, with a half-
life of minutes. Would this compound make a good antibiotic? Why or why not? -
answers - no, it would not make a very good antibiotic because it has a poor shelf life
time and no stability at body temperature, so it would be inactivated in the body before
killing any bacteria
Who defined the "four humors" theory and when was it defined? - answers - galen in
150 a.d
What are the four humors? - answers - black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood
Contrast the treatments required by the "four humors" theory of disease and the germ
theory of disease. - answers - germ theory - finding the bacteria and killing/stopping
growth of it
4 humors: miasma; rebalancing the humors
, About when were koch's postulates published - answers - 1890
How does the germ theory of disease contrast with galen's "four humors" theory? -
answers - believes illnesses are caused by microorganisms rather than imbalances in
the body
What is patent medicine?
Were they typically effective? - answers - "royalty endorsed"
-- not effective at all
About when did the antibiotic age begin? - answers - the first half of the 1940's
What was the first widely availible antibiotic?
When were the first patients treated with it? - answers - penicillin
-albert alexander (1941) and ann miller (1942)
Who was the first person to be treated with penicillin and then went on to live out a long
life? - answers - ann miller
How was the discovery of dyes that specifically stain particular cell types logically
related to the search for antibacterial drugs? - answers - the dyes were able to help
distinguish between different cells and made the progress quicker
You have identified a new compound that is an effective killer of a number of bacterial
species in vitro. What is the next test you perform to see whether it will be a good
antibiotic? - answers - test for toxicity - give to animal or in petri dish with animal cells
What characterized medicine before the late 19th century? - answers - galen in 150 a.d-
-> the four humors//paliative or aggressive intervention
What were some common medical interventions? - answers - palliative and aggressive
interventions - non-curative but relieves symptoms, often did more harm than good;
make you bleed, urinate, deficate
Name the first two antimicrobial drugs: - answers - salvarson
Prontosil
Salvarson's generic name: - answers - arsphenamine
When was salvarson discovered? And by who? - answers - 1910--> erhlic
What infection does salvarson treat? - answers - syphilis
What is prontosil's generic name? - answers - sulfanilamide
What are the essential features of an antibiotic? - answers - 1. Must kill/stop growth of
bacteria
2. Does not harm the host
Is aspirin an antibiotic? Why or why not? - answers - no because it does not kill/stop
growth of bacteria
Is bleach an antibiotic? Why or why not? - answers - no because it harms the host
What are the practical features of an antibiotic? - answers - -shelf life
-potency
-ability to make enough/synthesize
-economically availible
-bioavailible
What do we mean by the minimal inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic? How does it
related to potency? - answers - 1. The mic is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic
that prevents visible growth of standard bacterial inoculum.
2. Inversely proportional the higher the potency, the lower the mic.
How do you measure the mic of an antiobiotic? - answers - -you can measure it by
doing an in vitro dilution test and determining the smallest amount of the concentration
of antibiotic (point where there is no turbulence)
-serial dilutions of antibiotics added to growth mediums in different tubes. Look at
cloudiness in tubes. No antibiotic = very cloudy
You isolate a new compound that effectively kills many bacterial species and is
harmless when administered to mammals. Upon further testing, you learn that the
compound is stable at 25°c, with a half-life of days, but is unstable at 37°c, with a half-
life of minutes. Would this compound make a good antibiotic? Why or why not? -
answers - no, it would not make a very good antibiotic because it has a poor shelf life
time and no stability at body temperature, so it would be inactivated in the body before
killing any bacteria
Who defined the "four humors" theory and when was it defined? - answers - galen in
150 a.d
What are the four humors? - answers - black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood
Contrast the treatments required by the "four humors" theory of disease and the germ
theory of disease. - answers - germ theory - finding the bacteria and killing/stopping
growth of it
4 humors: miasma; rebalancing the humors
, About when were koch's postulates published - answers - 1890
How does the germ theory of disease contrast with galen's "four humors" theory? -
answers - believes illnesses are caused by microorganisms rather than imbalances in
the body
What is patent medicine?
Were they typically effective? - answers - "royalty endorsed"
-- not effective at all
About when did the antibiotic age begin? - answers - the first half of the 1940's
What was the first widely availible antibiotic?
When were the first patients treated with it? - answers - penicillin
-albert alexander (1941) and ann miller (1942)
Who was the first person to be treated with penicillin and then went on to live out a long
life? - answers - ann miller
How was the discovery of dyes that specifically stain particular cell types logically
related to the search for antibacterial drugs? - answers - the dyes were able to help
distinguish between different cells and made the progress quicker
You have identified a new compound that is an effective killer of a number of bacterial
species in vitro. What is the next test you perform to see whether it will be a good
antibiotic? - answers - test for toxicity - give to animal or in petri dish with animal cells
What characterized medicine before the late 19th century? - answers - galen in 150 a.d-
-> the four humors//paliative or aggressive intervention
What were some common medical interventions? - answers - palliative and aggressive
interventions - non-curative but relieves symptoms, often did more harm than good;
make you bleed, urinate, deficate
Name the first two antimicrobial drugs: - answers - salvarson
Prontosil
Salvarson's generic name: - answers - arsphenamine
When was salvarson discovered? And by who? - answers - 1910--> erhlic
What infection does salvarson treat? - answers - syphilis
What is prontosil's generic name? - answers - sulfanilamide
