ISA Certified Arborist Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024 (Already Passed)

ISA Certified Arborist Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024 (Already Passed) guard cells - Answers Pair of specialized cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomate due to the change in water pressure within cells. Functions of root system - Answers Absorb and conduct water and minerals, anchor and support plant, storage of extra food and produce hormones. Tropism - Answers Tendency of growth or variation of a plant in response to an external stimulus such as gravity or light. Geotropism - Answers plant growth produced as a response to the force of gravity, either positive, as in the direction of gravity (roots), or negative, as in opposite the direction of gravity (shoots) Phototropism - Answers Influence of light on the direction of plant growth. Tendency of plants to grow toward light.: excurrent - Answers tree growth habit characterized by a central leader and pyramidal crown. decurrent - Answers rounded or spreading growth habit of the crown of a tree. Respiration - Answers In plants, process by which carbohydrates are converted into energy by using oxygen. Gymnosperms - Answers Plants with exposed seeds, usually within cones. Angiosperms - Answers Plant with seeds born in an ovary. Consists of two large groups: monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants) and dicotyledons (mostly woody trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, and related plants). Fall foliage color - Answers Results from the breakdown of chlorophyll and the expression of other pigments in the leaf. Anthocyanins (reds and purples) and carotenoids (yellows, oranges and reds) are expressed. plant growth regulators - Answers naturally occurring compounds that act in small quantities to regulate plant growth and development. •Auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscissic acid Taxonomy - Answers Science that studies the description, denomination, and classification of living organisms based on their similarities and differences Morphology - Answers Study of the form and structure of plants and other living organisms Dicotyledon - Answers Plant with two cotyledons in its embryo; netted or palmate leaf veins; and flowers with three, four, or five petals, or petals in multiples of these numbers Monocotyledon - Answers Plant with an embryo that has one seed leaf (cotyledon). Examples are grasses and palms. Palmate - Answers Type of compound leaf with veins or leaflets radiating in a fanlike pattern. Pinnate - Answers Type of compound leaf, with leaflets along each side of a compound axis. compound leaf - Answers Leaf with two or more leaflets. simple leaf - Answers a leaf with a single blade opposite - Answers Pertaining to a leaf or branch arrangement, leaves or branches situated two at a node, across from each other on the stem alternate - Answers Pertaining to bud or leaf arrangement, one leaf or bud at each node, situated at alternating positions on the stem. I'm this arrangement, leaves are not directly across from each other. whorled - Answers Leaves, twigs or branches arranged in a circle around a point on the stem. Leaching - Answers The process in which ions of essential elements wash down through the soil profile and are lost. Rhizosphere - Answers Soul area immediately adjacent to, and affected by, plant roots. Typically has a high level of microbial activity. antitranspirant - Answers Substance applied to the foliage of plants to reduce water loss (transpiration) Water holding capacity - Answers The total amount of water held by soil after drainage occurs (when it is at field capacity) Infiltration - Answers The term used to describe water movement downward into the soil Percolation - Answers Describes the movement of water within the soil tensiometer - Answers A device used to measure soil moisture functional goals - Answers In landscape design, the set of goals pertaining to the future needs and function of the site Adaptability - Answers A species genetic ability to adjust to different environmental conditions acclimation - Answers The gradual process by which a given tree adapts to changes in its environment Site characteristics for tree selection - Answers Growing space, light conditions, soil conditions, climate, functional requirements arboriculture - Answers The practice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants in the landscape urban forestry - Answers Management of naturally occurring and planted trees and associated plants in urban areas. risk assessment - Answers Process of evaluating what unexpected things could happen, how likely they are to happen, and what the likely outcomes are. In tree management, the systematic process to determine the level of risk posed by a tree, tree part, or group of trees. Risk management - Answers Systematic application of management policies, procedures, and practices for identifying, evaluating, treating, monitoring, and communicating risk. Macronutrients - Answers Essential element that is required by plants in relatively large quantities Micronutrients - Answers Essential element that is required by plants in relatively small qualities Microinjection - Answers Trunk injection technique using a small diameter trunk penetration to introduce chemicals directly into the xylem Buttress roots - Answers Roots at the base the help support the tree and equalize mechanical stress