PALS - RED CROSS FINAL EXAM 2024 – 2025
UPDATE.
Laboratory tests are ordered for a child who has been vomiting for 3 days and is diaphoretic, tachypneic,
lethargic and pale. Which test would the provider use to determine the adequacy of oxygen delivery?
ANS - Lactate
A provider is forming an initial impression of a child using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT).
During which step of the PAT may the provider use the mnemonic TICLS to assess the patient? ANS -
Appearance
A child being cared for in the pediatric telemetry unit suddenly displays the following ECG waveform.
The provider prepares to intervene because the child is demonstrating which type of arrhythmia? ANS -
Supraventricular tachycardia
A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in cardiac arrest. When
preparing to administer medications, which action would be appropriate for the team to take? ANS -
Estimate weight using a length-based resuscitation tape.
A 9-year-old patient is presenting with decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate
and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as indicating which condition? ANS
- Respiratory failure
A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is experiencing respiratory distress.
The child is breathing spontaneously and receiving supplemental oxygen. Which additional intervention
is a critical component of airway management for this patient? ANS - Airway clearance
An 8-year-old child being treated in the emergency department has significant respiratory distress. The
child also exhibits hives, wheezing, angioedema, tachycardia and tachypnea. The parents state that the
child, who is allergic to peanuts, had eaten some popcorn that had peanuts in it. The team initiates care,
preparing to administer which agent first? ANS - Epinephrine
, A 12-lead ECG is ordered for a child complaining of a "racing heart." When placing the electrodes on the
child, at which location would the lead for V4 be placed? ANS - Fifth intercostal space at midclavicular
line, left side
A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the elementary school. The school nurse arrives and
determines that the child is unresponsive. The school nurse then simultaneously checks for breathing
and a central pulse, limiting this assessment to which time frame? ANS - At least 5 seconds, but no
more than 10
A 30-month old child has been diagnosed with moderate croup. Which medication(s) would the provider
administer? ANS - 1. Racemic epinephrine
2. Corticosteroids
A child is experiencing shock. The emergency response team prepares for imminent cardiac arrest when
assessment reveals which finding(s)? ANS - 1. Bradycardia
2. Diminished central pulses
3. Hypotension
A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For which
rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate? ANS - 1. Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
2. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT)
A child is experiencing stable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and is to receive treatment. Which
initial treatment would the provider administer? ANS - Vagal maneuvers
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals that the
child is gasping and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first?
ANS - Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 3 to 5 seconds.
The PALS resuscitation team notes the following ECG waveform and the child does not have a pulse. The
team prepares to intervene to address which arrhythmia? ANS - Torsades de pointes
UPDATE.
Laboratory tests are ordered for a child who has been vomiting for 3 days and is diaphoretic, tachypneic,
lethargic and pale. Which test would the provider use to determine the adequacy of oxygen delivery?
ANS - Lactate
A provider is forming an initial impression of a child using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT).
During which step of the PAT may the provider use the mnemonic TICLS to assess the patient? ANS -
Appearance
A child being cared for in the pediatric telemetry unit suddenly displays the following ECG waveform.
The provider prepares to intervene because the child is demonstrating which type of arrhythmia? ANS -
Supraventricular tachycardia
A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in cardiac arrest. When
preparing to administer medications, which action would be appropriate for the team to take? ANS -
Estimate weight using a length-based resuscitation tape.
A 9-year-old patient is presenting with decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate
and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as indicating which condition? ANS
- Respiratory failure
A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is experiencing respiratory distress.
The child is breathing spontaneously and receiving supplemental oxygen. Which additional intervention
is a critical component of airway management for this patient? ANS - Airway clearance
An 8-year-old child being treated in the emergency department has significant respiratory distress. The
child also exhibits hives, wheezing, angioedema, tachycardia and tachypnea. The parents state that the
child, who is allergic to peanuts, had eaten some popcorn that had peanuts in it. The team initiates care,
preparing to administer which agent first? ANS - Epinephrine
, A 12-lead ECG is ordered for a child complaining of a "racing heart." When placing the electrodes on the
child, at which location would the lead for V4 be placed? ANS - Fifth intercostal space at midclavicular
line, left side
A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the elementary school. The school nurse arrives and
determines that the child is unresponsive. The school nurse then simultaneously checks for breathing
and a central pulse, limiting this assessment to which time frame? ANS - At least 5 seconds, but no
more than 10
A 30-month old child has been diagnosed with moderate croup. Which medication(s) would the provider
administer? ANS - 1. Racemic epinephrine
2. Corticosteroids
A child is experiencing shock. The emergency response team prepares for imminent cardiac arrest when
assessment reveals which finding(s)? ANS - 1. Bradycardia
2. Diminished central pulses
3. Hypotension
A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For which
rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate? ANS - 1. Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
2. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT)
A child is experiencing stable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and is to receive treatment. Which
initial treatment would the provider administer? ANS - Vagal maneuvers
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals that the
child is gasping and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first?
ANS - Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 3 to 5 seconds.
The PALS resuscitation team notes the following ECG waveform and the child does not have a pulse. The
team prepares to intervene to address which arrhythmia? ANS - Torsades de pointes
