BIO 319 QUIZ 4 STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Metabolism - ANSWER-the sum total of all the chemical reactions that go on in living
cells. Energy metabolism includes all the reactions by which the body expends and
obtains the energy from food.
Catabolism - ANSWER-reactions in which large molecules are broken down to smaller
ones. Catabolic reactions release energy.
Anabolism - ANSWER-reactions in which small molecules are put together to build
larger ones. Anabolic reactions require energy.
Which nutrients provide energy for metabolism - ANSWER-glucose, glycerol, fatty
acids, amino acids
Energy is stored in a high-energy compound called - ANSWER-ATP (adenosine
triphosphate)—ATP is the energy currency of the cell and is obtained in metabolic
pathways
stored in glycogen in the liver and muscle cells and fat cells
Which subunits of macronutrients may be converted into glucose by the body if
necessary - ANSWER-From carbohydrates—glucose (and other monosaccharides)
From fats (triglycerides)—glycerol and fatty acids
From proteins—amino acids
What nutrients can be converted to fat if consumed in excess - ANSWER-carbs and
lipids
Definition of moderation of alcohol consumption - ANSWER-one drink per day for
women and two drinks per day for men—not excessively drinking
Short term effect on alcohol consumption - ANSWER-Liver- first to receive alcohol blood
and only cells in the body oxidize alcohol at a good rate- metabolize alcohol first and let
the fatty acids accumulate
GI- small intestine- alcohol is rapidly absorbed, priority treatment—getting absorbed and
metabolized before most nutrients (cant be stored in the body and is toxic)
Brain- sedates inhibitory nerves - acts as a depressant and affects all the nerve cells -
sedates reasoning and judgement (speech and vision) (balance and voluntary muscle
movements)(respiration and heart actions and conscious brain-passing out)
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Metabolism - ANSWER-the sum total of all the chemical reactions that go on in living
cells. Energy metabolism includes all the reactions by which the body expends and
obtains the energy from food.
Catabolism - ANSWER-reactions in which large molecules are broken down to smaller
ones. Catabolic reactions release energy.
Anabolism - ANSWER-reactions in which small molecules are put together to build
larger ones. Anabolic reactions require energy.
Which nutrients provide energy for metabolism - ANSWER-glucose, glycerol, fatty
acids, amino acids
Energy is stored in a high-energy compound called - ANSWER-ATP (adenosine
triphosphate)—ATP is the energy currency of the cell and is obtained in metabolic
pathways
stored in glycogen in the liver and muscle cells and fat cells
Which subunits of macronutrients may be converted into glucose by the body if
necessary - ANSWER-From carbohydrates—glucose (and other monosaccharides)
From fats (triglycerides)—glycerol and fatty acids
From proteins—amino acids
What nutrients can be converted to fat if consumed in excess - ANSWER-carbs and
lipids
Definition of moderation of alcohol consumption - ANSWER-one drink per day for
women and two drinks per day for men—not excessively drinking
Short term effect on alcohol consumption - ANSWER-Liver- first to receive alcohol blood
and only cells in the body oxidize alcohol at a good rate- metabolize alcohol first and let
the fatty acids accumulate
GI- small intestine- alcohol is rapidly absorbed, priority treatment—getting absorbed and
metabolized before most nutrients (cant be stored in the body and is toxic)
Brain- sedates inhibitory nerves - acts as a depressant and affects all the nerve cells -
sedates reasoning and judgement (speech and vision) (balance and voluntary muscle
movements)(respiration and heart actions and conscious brain-passing out)
