AC-HPAT Prep QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) / ALREADY GRADED A+

AC-HPAT Prep .m




1. Most of the cell mem- .m .m .m .m Proteins
brane's specific func-
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tions are controlled by:
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2. Alcoholic Fermentation Anaerobic Respiration .m .m




is a form of:
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3. Phagocytosis is a form .m .m .m Endocytosis
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of:
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4. What is a pyruvate? .m .m .m Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in
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biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of .m .m .m .m .m .m .m .m




glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of
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glucose breaks down into two molecules of
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pyruvate, which are then used to provide further
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energy, in one of two ways.
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5. What are the small Ribosomes
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spherical bodies within
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a cell where proteins are
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assembled according to
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genetic instructions?
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6. What is the structural .m .m .m The cell .m




and functional unit of
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life?
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7. What is a prokaryotic .m .m .m A cell that lacks a true nucleus and mem-
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cell?
.m brane-bound organelles
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8. What is a eukaryotic .m .m .m A cell that contains a nucleus and mem-
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cell?
.m brane-bound organelles
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9. What is cellular respira-.m .m .m A catabolic pathwayfor the production of ATP, in
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tion?
.m which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a
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reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the
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process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less
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efficient.
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10.

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, AC-HPAT Prep .m




What is anaerobic respi- A form of cellular respiration that does not involve
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ration?
.m oxygen. .m




11. What is aerobic respira-
.m .m .m Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to
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tion?
.m generate energy.
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12. Name the four types .m .m .m Diffusion,Osmosis,ActiveTransport, and Passive .m .m .m .m .m




of transport that al-
.m .m .m .m Transport.
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low small molecules to
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move across the cell
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membrane:
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13. Prokaryotes often repro- Binary Fission .m .m .m




duce by:
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14. What is binary fission?
.m .m .m Aform of asexual reproductionin whichthe parent
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divides into two identical halves. .m .m .m .m




15. What is cytokinesis?
.m .m The division of cytoplasm into two identical
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daughtercells, whichoccurs during the telophase .m .m .m .m .m .m




stage of mitosis.
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16. What is a haploid cell?
.m .m .m .m A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
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17. What is a diploid cell?
.m .m .m .m A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
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18. What is chromatin?
.m .m The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes
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are composed, consisting of mostly proteins,
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DNA, and RNA.
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19. What is a centriole?
.m .m .m a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal
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cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the devel-
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opment of spindle fibers in cell division.
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20. What is a chromosome? A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence,
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found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and pro- .m .m .m .m .m .m .m .m




tein. .m




21. What is DNA? .m .m A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule
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capable of replicating and determining the inher- .m .m .m .m .m .m




.m .m

, AC-HPAT Prep .m




ited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up
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the genetic material of most living organisms and
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plays a role in determining heredity.
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22. What is RNA?
.m .m A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved
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in protein synthesis. It is responsible for carrying
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the genetic code transcribed for DNA to special-
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ized sites within the cell where the information is
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translated into protein composition.
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23. What is a nucleotide?
.m .m .m . m . m A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic
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acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long .m .m .m .m .m .m .m .m




chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a
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sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyri-
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bose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a
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nitrogen-containing base.
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24. What is transcription?
.m .m Transcription is the process by which the informa- .m .m .m .m .m .m .m




tion in a strand of DNA is copied into a new mole- cule
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of messenger RNA (mRNA). ............ This complex
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initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase .m .m .m .m .m




beginsmRNA synthesisbymatchingcomplemen-
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tary bases to the original DNA strand.
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25. What is translation?
.m .m Translation is the process by which a protein is .m .m .m .m .m .m .m .m




synthesized from the information contained in a .m .m .m .m .m .m




molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).Translation
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occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a
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factory for the synthesis of proteins
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26. What is endocytosis and Endocytosis is the process of capturing a sub-
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exocytosis?
.m stance or particle from outside the cell by en-
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gulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it
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into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of
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vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and
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releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
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27. What is a chromotid?
.m .m .m each of the two threadlike strands into which a
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chromosome divides longitudinally during cell di- .m .m .m .m .m




vision. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
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