EEB 162 MIDTERM CURRENT VERSION 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
What are 3 features of cells that are distinctive and typical of
plants? -Correct Answer-
1. Cellulose cell wall
2. Vacuole
3. Chloroplast
What is the overall reaction of photosynthesis. -Correct Answer-
6CO2 + 6H2O->C6H12O6 + 6O2
What kind of diversity in growth forms? -Correct Answer- Plant
varies in growth form such as tree, shrubs, herb and climbers.
Plant also varies in living habit such as clonal population,
epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants), or carnivorous. +
size variation
What kind of diversity physiology? -Correct Answer- Plant exhibit
huge range of biochemistry and metabolism such as: C3, C4, and
CAM photosynthesis.
In nutrient and pigment concentrations, in hormone sensitivity,
flowering cues, etc.
in all aspects of structure: wide variation in cell sizes in each
tissue, leaf size, colors, etc.
What kind of diversity in adaptation to different habitats? -Correct
Answer- Irradiance habitats: plants thriving from <1% to 100% full
daylight; difference in light needed
Moisture supplies: plants exist on chronically dry soil, and on
ever-wet soil or submerged in water; water needs
Temperature range: plants exist where temperatures reach <-40
degrees C and greater than 40 degrees C
,Please give three reasons that plants need water, and indicate
which of the three reasons accounts for the bulk of the water
used. -Correct Answer-
1.Transpiration: accounts for the bulk of the water used; cools the
plant by dissipating heat energy via evaporation of water
2.Transpirational cost: Opening up stomata to access CO2 for
photosynthesis exposes the moist plant interior to the drying air,
and thus, water is lost as a side-effect. This takes a huge amount
of water--when transpiring under full sun, a leaf can exchange its
total water content in 20 minutes.
3.Plant growth: tissue expansion via turgor pressure, structural
support
Photosynthesis: insufficient water will close stomata and prevent
photosynthesis
Why is transpirational cooling effective? -Correct Answer-
Evaporation of water, which has a high heat of vaporization and
high specific heat, dissipates heat energy. It keeps the plants
under bright sunlight up to a few degrees cooler than air
Why do plants harvest sunlight in the same range of wavelengths
as the animal eye uses for vision? Please include the important
properties of light and of the pigment molecules in your answer. -
Correct Answer- They use enough energy for electrons to start
moving; too high would break chemical bonds
Plants can use more light pigments other than the ones in
chlorophyll
Pigment molecules (carotenoids) absorb light energy. (Antenna
complex) Transfer energy to the chlorophyll and the light reaction
centers.
The pigments that they do use (chlorophyl a & b, carotenoids,
etc.) all absorb within the visible light spectrum, so that's why they
harvest sunlight in that range.
, What is meant by the Z-scheme of photosynthesis? -Correct
Answer- It is constituted by two photosystems, each with its own
antennae pigments and photochemical reaction center, linked by
an electron transport chain. RED light photosystem 2 at
wavelength 680 and far red light PS1 at 700.
It goes from PSII (absorbs higher energy light because lower
wavelength → higher frequency ) → PSI (absorbs lower energy
because higher wavelength → lower frequency)
Plants usually have more PSII than PSI
What are 5 characters that might define a good model plant for
understanding genetics and physiology? -Correct Answer-
1.Short generation time (fast to maturity, short life cycle, not = to
fast growing); high fecundity
2.Crop Species
3.Growing costs low, grow lots in small space: easy to grow with
min resources
4.Visible characteristics/traits - observable traits
5.Sequenced genome: easy to discover new genes, clone and
transfer
6.Easy to manipulate (can mutate to determine which
gene/functions to knock out)
7.Self-fertilizing therefore lots of seeds produced
8.Genetically similar to other species
9.Small in size
What is the difference between apoplast and symplast? -Correct
Answer- Symplast: cytoplasm is continuous so all of the living
tissue in the plant is connected in one transport pathway. The
symplast pathway is where water moves from cell to cell in the
cytoplasm via the plasma membranes and plasmodesmata.
Apoplast: outside of protoplast cell walls form a continuous space
so they create a potential transport pathway. Apoplast pathway
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
What are 3 features of cells that are distinctive and typical of
plants? -Correct Answer-
1. Cellulose cell wall
2. Vacuole
3. Chloroplast
What is the overall reaction of photosynthesis. -Correct Answer-
6CO2 + 6H2O->C6H12O6 + 6O2
What kind of diversity in growth forms? -Correct Answer- Plant
varies in growth form such as tree, shrubs, herb and climbers.
Plant also varies in living habit such as clonal population,
epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants), or carnivorous. +
size variation
What kind of diversity physiology? -Correct Answer- Plant exhibit
huge range of biochemistry and metabolism such as: C3, C4, and
CAM photosynthesis.
In nutrient and pigment concentrations, in hormone sensitivity,
flowering cues, etc.
in all aspects of structure: wide variation in cell sizes in each
tissue, leaf size, colors, etc.
What kind of diversity in adaptation to different habitats? -Correct
Answer- Irradiance habitats: plants thriving from <1% to 100% full
daylight; difference in light needed
Moisture supplies: plants exist on chronically dry soil, and on
ever-wet soil or submerged in water; water needs
Temperature range: plants exist where temperatures reach <-40
degrees C and greater than 40 degrees C
,Please give three reasons that plants need water, and indicate
which of the three reasons accounts for the bulk of the water
used. -Correct Answer-
1.Transpiration: accounts for the bulk of the water used; cools the
plant by dissipating heat energy via evaporation of water
2.Transpirational cost: Opening up stomata to access CO2 for
photosynthesis exposes the moist plant interior to the drying air,
and thus, water is lost as a side-effect. This takes a huge amount
of water--when transpiring under full sun, a leaf can exchange its
total water content in 20 minutes.
3.Plant growth: tissue expansion via turgor pressure, structural
support
Photosynthesis: insufficient water will close stomata and prevent
photosynthesis
Why is transpirational cooling effective? -Correct Answer-
Evaporation of water, which has a high heat of vaporization and
high specific heat, dissipates heat energy. It keeps the plants
under bright sunlight up to a few degrees cooler than air
Why do plants harvest sunlight in the same range of wavelengths
as the animal eye uses for vision? Please include the important
properties of light and of the pigment molecules in your answer. -
Correct Answer- They use enough energy for electrons to start
moving; too high would break chemical bonds
Plants can use more light pigments other than the ones in
chlorophyll
Pigment molecules (carotenoids) absorb light energy. (Antenna
complex) Transfer energy to the chlorophyll and the light reaction
centers.
The pigments that they do use (chlorophyl a & b, carotenoids,
etc.) all absorb within the visible light spectrum, so that's why they
harvest sunlight in that range.
, What is meant by the Z-scheme of photosynthesis? -Correct
Answer- It is constituted by two photosystems, each with its own
antennae pigments and photochemical reaction center, linked by
an electron transport chain. RED light photosystem 2 at
wavelength 680 and far red light PS1 at 700.
It goes from PSII (absorbs higher energy light because lower
wavelength → higher frequency ) → PSI (absorbs lower energy
because higher wavelength → lower frequency)
Plants usually have more PSII than PSI
What are 5 characters that might define a good model plant for
understanding genetics and physiology? -Correct Answer-
1.Short generation time (fast to maturity, short life cycle, not = to
fast growing); high fecundity
2.Crop Species
3.Growing costs low, grow lots in small space: easy to grow with
min resources
4.Visible characteristics/traits - observable traits
5.Sequenced genome: easy to discover new genes, clone and
transfer
6.Easy to manipulate (can mutate to determine which
gene/functions to knock out)
7.Self-fertilizing therefore lots of seeds produced
8.Genetically similar to other species
9.Small in size
What is the difference between apoplast and symplast? -Correct
Answer- Symplast: cytoplasm is continuous so all of the living
tissue in the plant is connected in one transport pathway. The
symplast pathway is where water moves from cell to cell in the
cytoplasm via the plasma membranes and plasmodesmata.
Apoplast: outside of protoplast cell walls form a continuous space
so they create a potential transport pathway. Apoplast pathway
