Phil 101 jmu yates final exam

Phil 101 jmu yates final exam


Whyaiwasaitheaimind-bodyaiproblemaisuchaiaaibigaideal?ai-aians--limitsaiofaiscience?
bestaibasisaiforaihumanaiunderstanding:aisensesaioraiideas?
goodainewsaiforaiphilosophyaiofaiknowledge?

Descartesai3aimodernaiambitionsai-aians--
1.Possibilityaiforaicertainaiknowledgeaionaihumanaibasis
2.Don'taistartaiwithaiassumptionsaiaboutaihigheraitruth
3.aiRidaireasoningaiofaiallaierrors

4airulesaiaboutaihyperbolicaidoubtai-aians--
1.Beaisystematic:aiproceedaifromaiparticularaifactsaiofaimentalaiexperienceaitoaiuniversalaip
rinciples.
2.Rejectai'always'aithataiwhichaiisai'sometimes'aifalse:aisenseaiperception.
3.Treataithataiwhichaiisai'possibly'aifalseaiasai'absolutely'aifalse:aiMathematics.
4.Pretendaitoaihaveaiaaireasonaitoaimaintainaiyouraidoubt:aiEvilaiGenius.

Cannotaidentai==yaithataiI'maiaaithinkingaithingai-aians---GoalaiofaiArchimedeanaiPoint
-TheaifactaithataiIaiamaiDoubtingaishows...

Waxaianalogyai-aians--
AnaianalogyaiusedaibyaiDescartesaitoaiconsideraithataiifaitheaiphysicalaipropertiesaiofaisome
thingaichanges,aiisaiitaistillaitheaisameaithing?
waxaiessenceaican'taibeaiphysicalaiqualities;aican'taibeaiknownaithroughaisense-perception

whyaidoesaiDescartesaibelieveaiinaiGod?ai-aians---
Hisaiphilosophyaiofaisubstance:aiLogicalainecessityai
-Hisaiphilosophyaiofaiknowledge:aiideasaiofaiinfinityai&aiperfection

Twoaicriticismsaiofai'theaicartesianaicircle'ai-aians--1.aiassumesaigodaifromaitheaistart?
2.trustsaihisaireasonaitheaiwholeaitime?

reasonaireliesaion?ai-aians--experientialaiperception

Impressionsai-aians--comeaifirstaifromaiexperience,aiimmediate,aivivid

Ideasai-aians--comeaisecondaifromaiimpressions,aiindirectaiandailessaivivid,aicombinations

simpleaiideasai-aians--copiesaiofaisenseaiimpressions

, complexaiideasai-aians--combinationaiofaisimpleaiideas

twoaicategoriesaiofaiknowledgeai-aians--1.relationsaiofaiideas
2.mattersaiofaifact

howaicauseaiandaieffectaiisaireallyainotaiaailawai-aians--
theaiideaaiofaicauseaiandaieffectaigoesaiinaitheaicategoryaiofaimattersaiofaifacts

Skepticismai-aians--
Aaiphilosophyaiwhichaisuggestsaithatainothingaicanaieveraibeaiknownaiforaicertain.

possibleaicriticismsaiofaiHumeai-aians--
1.aihe'saiveryaicertainaiaboutaihisaicritiqueaiofaicertaintyai
2.isn'taiheaiusingaicauseaiandaieffectairespondingaitoaichallengesaiageaitheaicauseaiandaieff
ectailaw
3.aiifaiyouaiallowaiaaipriori-
ishairelationsaiofaiideas,aiwhyainotaiallowaiforaicartesianaiinnateaiideas?

Threeaisummaryaicritiquesaiofairationalismai-aians--1.Noaiclearaiandaidistinctaiideas
2.Noaicertaintyaiaboutaiouraiinferences
3.PsychologyaiofaidrawingaiconnectionsaifromaiImpressionsaimeansainoaiknowableairation
alailawsaiofaitruth

FriedrichaiNietzscheaiRebellionai-aians--"Onaitruthaiandailyingaiinaiaainon-moralaisense"

Nietzcheaiasaiaaiiconoclastai-aians--
focusesaionaiouraiformulationaiofaiconceptsaiandaitheaitruth-claimsaithataigoesaiwithaithem.
aimsaitoaidenounce,aithenaipossiblyairecoveraisomething.

keyaithemes:aiFriedrichaiNietzschesai-aians--intellectualaipretenseaiandaidrive-to-
truth.aiWeaiobligateaiourselves
conceptsaiasaipathaiofaiabstraction
Conceptsairootedaiinaimetaphors:aiReason-languageaiconnection
Illusionaiofaibeingairightaiviaaicathedralsaiofaiconcepts

Intellectualaicognitionai(reason)aiandaitheaiillusionaiofaitruthai-aians--Ouraidrive-toward-
truthaiandaiselfaipreservationaiviaaiunderstandingaibutaipretenseaiproblem.

truth,aimetaphoraiandaiproblemaiofaiforgettingai-aians--
truthaiclaimsaias...conceptualaidesignations
truth-drive:aiweailikeaitheaifeelaiofaiknowingaitruth,aibutai"what,aithen,aiisaitruth?
aiaaimobileaiarmyaiofaimetaphorsai,aimetonymies,aianthropomorphisms."
problem?aiforgettingaitheaibasisai(metaphor)aiforaicognitionaiandaitruthaiclaims
cathedralsaiofaiconcepts=cobwebs