NUTR 3330 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (A+)
What are the 2 categories that phytosterols are divided into?
phytosterols and phytostanols
Whats the difference between phytosterols and phytostanols?
phytosterols: double bond at position 5, most common
phytostanols: 5 alpha reduction of double bond (no bond), saturable derivative, low
amounts in food
What structure are phytosterols very similar to?
Cholesterol
What is the difference between phytosterols and cholesterol?
phytosterols - plant foods
Cholesterol - animal foods
What is the intake amount for phytosterols
2-3g/ day (max 3g/day)
What is the amount needed of plant sterols/stanols a day to help with CVD and what
does that do?
-2g/day: decrease plasma LDL cholesterol by 9-14%, estimated to decrease heart
disease by 25%
What is the mechanism of lowering for rudaction of blood total and LDL cholesterol?
,-compete with cholesterol for limited space
-more hydrophobic than cholesterol
-decrease cholesterol absorption by 30-50% -->? endogenous cholesterol (80%)
What are some factors that influence efficiency of phytosteols?
-plant sterols vs. stanols
-dose
-format (margarine, orange juice, capsule)
-background diet
-baseline cholesterol values
fill in the blanks for this study title: "______ effect of plant sterol ester _____ and _______ in
lowering LDL cholesterol in primary hyperchcholesterima"
"additive effect of plant sterol ester margarine and celvisterine in lowering LDL
cholesterol in primary hyperchcholesterima"
What are the results of the study regarding the additive effect?
-cervistine: decrease LDL cholesterol by 32%, decrease TC by 23%
-phytosterol margarine: decrease LDL cholesterol by 8%, decrease TC by 5%
-combo: decrease LDL cholesterol by 39%, decrease TC by 29%
What is the dosage for phytosterols/stanols in foods (ie margarine)
1.7g plant sterols/stanols (1.0g plant sterols/stanols and 0.7g fatty acids
What are 2 examples of phytosterols?
Benecol SoftGel, minute maid premium heart wise
, What are the factors that affect that fat-soluble nutrients
-timing
-acute effect: affects foods consumed with phytosterols
What is a very rare condition relating to phytosterols?
phtosterolemia: premature atherosclerosis from increased blood plant sterol
concentration
What are the 2 assessments that were completed in CA regarding phytosterols?
-safety assessment: safe intakes, limited amount of foods that phytosterols are added in
-health claim assessment: dose
What are the regulations for NHPs?
Food and Drug act, health CA, HPFB
What are the branches of HPFB?
PDD, FD, NNHPD
What are the contents of the parliamentary report for the compents for NHP reugations?
-product licencing
ANSWERS (A+)
What are the 2 categories that phytosterols are divided into?
phytosterols and phytostanols
Whats the difference between phytosterols and phytostanols?
phytosterols: double bond at position 5, most common
phytostanols: 5 alpha reduction of double bond (no bond), saturable derivative, low
amounts in food
What structure are phytosterols very similar to?
Cholesterol
What is the difference between phytosterols and cholesterol?
phytosterols - plant foods
Cholesterol - animal foods
What is the intake amount for phytosterols
2-3g/ day (max 3g/day)
What is the amount needed of plant sterols/stanols a day to help with CVD and what
does that do?
-2g/day: decrease plasma LDL cholesterol by 9-14%, estimated to decrease heart
disease by 25%
What is the mechanism of lowering for rudaction of blood total and LDL cholesterol?
,-compete with cholesterol for limited space
-more hydrophobic than cholesterol
-decrease cholesterol absorption by 30-50% -->? endogenous cholesterol (80%)
What are some factors that influence efficiency of phytosteols?
-plant sterols vs. stanols
-dose
-format (margarine, orange juice, capsule)
-background diet
-baseline cholesterol values
fill in the blanks for this study title: "______ effect of plant sterol ester _____ and _______ in
lowering LDL cholesterol in primary hyperchcholesterima"
"additive effect of plant sterol ester margarine and celvisterine in lowering LDL
cholesterol in primary hyperchcholesterima"
What are the results of the study regarding the additive effect?
-cervistine: decrease LDL cholesterol by 32%, decrease TC by 23%
-phytosterol margarine: decrease LDL cholesterol by 8%, decrease TC by 5%
-combo: decrease LDL cholesterol by 39%, decrease TC by 29%
What is the dosage for phytosterols/stanols in foods (ie margarine)
1.7g plant sterols/stanols (1.0g plant sterols/stanols and 0.7g fatty acids
What are 2 examples of phytosterols?
Benecol SoftGel, minute maid premium heart wise
, What are the factors that affect that fat-soluble nutrients
-timing
-acute effect: affects foods consumed with phytosterols
What is a very rare condition relating to phytosterols?
phtosterolemia: premature atherosclerosis from increased blood plant sterol
concentration
What are the 2 assessments that were completed in CA regarding phytosterols?
-safety assessment: safe intakes, limited amount of foods that phytosterols are added in
-health claim assessment: dose
What are the regulations for NHPs?
Food and Drug act, health CA, HPFB
What are the branches of HPFB?
PDD, FD, NNHPD
What are the contents of the parliamentary report for the compents for NHP reugations?
-product licencing
