Anatomy
G.i Organs
Compiled By Muchiri Simon
Edition: 2024/25
, Medical & Nursing | Anatomy I of V pages
1. Describe the abdominal oesophagus
Emerges through the right crus of the diaphragm at T10Goes through the muscular part of the diaphragm
is important because it contributes to the formation of the Lower Oesophageal Sphincter which prevents
2. What are the relations of the abdominal oesophagus
Anterior vagal trunk- left vagus nerve- rotation of gut during development moves these fibres
3. Describe the arterial supply of the abdominal oesophagus
esophageal branches of the left gastric artery (celiac trunk)esophageal branches from the left inferior phrenic
4. Describe the stomach
Most dilated part of G.I tractJ-shapedLies between abdominal oesophagus and S.IFound in epigastric,
5. Describe the different regions of the stomach
Fundus: superior to plane created by the cardial notch Cardia: surrounds the opening Body: bulk of the
between the fundus and angular incisure Pyloric antrum: between the pyloric canal and angular incisure
6. Describe the other features of the stomach
Greater curvature: most lateral curvature; point of attachment of gastrosplenic ligament and greater omentum
curvature: most medial curvature; point of attachment of lesser omentum Cardial notch: superior angle created
7. Describe the arterial supply to the stomach
Left gastric artery (celiac trunk)Right gastric (hepatic artery proper)Right gastro-omental artery
8. What is important to remember about the stomach
Clinical note on chest x-rays be aware that you can often see a gas bubble in the fundus of the stomach lying
beneath diaphragm. Do not confuse this air bubble with air in the peritoneum, say from an intestinal
9. Describe the duodenum
Position: C-shaped structure adjacent to head of pancreas
Functional anatomy: lumen widest of small intestine, and all retroperitoneal apart from the first region
Above level of umbilicusFirst part is attached to the liver via the hepatoduodenal ligament (part of lesser
10. Describe the superior part of the duodenum
aka ampulla; extends from pyloric orifice to neck of gallbladder, passing anterior to the bile duct, portal vein
11. Describe the descending part of the duodenum
extends from neck of gallbladder to the lower border of vertebra LIII; crossed anteriorly by the transverse
and right kidney is posterior; contains the duodenal papillae Major duodenal papilla: entrance of
12. Describe the inferior part of the duodenum
longest section, crossing IVC, aorta and vertebral column
It is crossed anteriorly by the superior mesenteric artery and vein
13. Describe the ascending part of the duodenum
passes upwards on the aorta to vertebra LII, terminating at the duodenojejunal flexure
Anatomy 2024/25 Edition
G.i Organs
Compiled By Muchiri Simon
Edition: 2024/25
, Medical & Nursing | Anatomy I of V pages
1. Describe the abdominal oesophagus
Emerges through the right crus of the diaphragm at T10Goes through the muscular part of the diaphragm
is important because it contributes to the formation of the Lower Oesophageal Sphincter which prevents
2. What are the relations of the abdominal oesophagus
Anterior vagal trunk- left vagus nerve- rotation of gut during development moves these fibres
3. Describe the arterial supply of the abdominal oesophagus
esophageal branches of the left gastric artery (celiac trunk)esophageal branches from the left inferior phrenic
4. Describe the stomach
Most dilated part of G.I tractJ-shapedLies between abdominal oesophagus and S.IFound in epigastric,
5. Describe the different regions of the stomach
Fundus: superior to plane created by the cardial notch Cardia: surrounds the opening Body: bulk of the
between the fundus and angular incisure Pyloric antrum: between the pyloric canal and angular incisure
6. Describe the other features of the stomach
Greater curvature: most lateral curvature; point of attachment of gastrosplenic ligament and greater omentum
curvature: most medial curvature; point of attachment of lesser omentum Cardial notch: superior angle created
7. Describe the arterial supply to the stomach
Left gastric artery (celiac trunk)Right gastric (hepatic artery proper)Right gastro-omental artery
8. What is important to remember about the stomach
Clinical note on chest x-rays be aware that you can often see a gas bubble in the fundus of the stomach lying
beneath diaphragm. Do not confuse this air bubble with air in the peritoneum, say from an intestinal
9. Describe the duodenum
Position: C-shaped structure adjacent to head of pancreas
Functional anatomy: lumen widest of small intestine, and all retroperitoneal apart from the first region
Above level of umbilicusFirst part is attached to the liver via the hepatoduodenal ligament (part of lesser
10. Describe the superior part of the duodenum
aka ampulla; extends from pyloric orifice to neck of gallbladder, passing anterior to the bile duct, portal vein
11. Describe the descending part of the duodenum
extends from neck of gallbladder to the lower border of vertebra LIII; crossed anteriorly by the transverse
and right kidney is posterior; contains the duodenal papillae Major duodenal papilla: entrance of
12. Describe the inferior part of the duodenum
longest section, crossing IVC, aorta and vertebral column
It is crossed anteriorly by the superior mesenteric artery and vein
13. Describe the ascending part of the duodenum
passes upwards on the aorta to vertebra LII, terminating at the duodenojejunal flexure
Anatomy 2024/25 Edition
