Biology GCSE Exam Questions with
Accurate Answers
What are the parts of an animal (and plant) cell? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
What are parts of a plant cell? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Rigid cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria)
What does the nucleus do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Contains DNA that controls what
the cell does
What does the cytoplasm do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Its a gel-like substance where
most of the chemical reactions happpen
What does the cell membrane do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Holds the cell together and
controls what goes in and out
What does the mitochondria do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅This is where most of the
reactions for respiration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work.
What does the rigid cell wall do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅It is made up of cellulose
and it gives support for the cell
,What does the large vacuole do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Contains cell sap, a weak
solution of sugar and salts
What do chloroplasts do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅This is where photosynthesis occurs.
They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
What are the features of a bacteria cell? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Chromosomal DNA
Plasmids
Flagellum
Cell wall
What is chromosomal DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Chromosomal DNA controls the
cells activities and replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm.
What are plasmids? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Plasmids are small loops of extra DNA
that aren't part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance and
can be passed between bacteria.
What is the flagellum? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The flagellum is a long, hair-like
structure that rotates to make the bacterium move.
What does the cell wall do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Support the cell
What is magnification? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅How much bigger the image is that the
specimen
How do you work out magnification? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅length of image / length
of specimen
, What is the difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Light microscopes let us see things like the nuclei, chloroplasts and
mitochondria. Electron microscopes let us see much smaller things in more detail like the
internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts and even tinier things like plasmids.
What is DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA is the complex chemical that carries
genetic information. DNA is found in chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of most
cells.
What is the structure of DNA? (6marker) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-A DNA molecule
has two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix.
-The two strands are hold together by chemicals called bases. The four bases are adenine,
thymine, guanine and cytosine.
-The bases are paired, and they always pair up in the same way; A-T and C-G. This is called base
pairing.
-The base pairs are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds.
What is a gene? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A gene is a short piece of DNA that codes for
a specific protein. You have genes for hair structure, eye colour enzymes and every other protein
in your body.
Who discovered the structure of DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Rosalind Franklin and
Maurice Wilkins worked out DNA had a helical structure by directing beams of X-rays onto
crystallised DNA and looking at the patterns of x-rays formed as they bounced off.
-James Watson and Francis Crick used these ideas along with the idea the amount of
adenine+guanine matched the amount of thymine+cytosine to make a model of the DNA
molecule where all the pieces fitted together.
What would be a practical to extract DNA?(6 marker) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Mash
or chop fruit or vegetable (e.g kiwi) and mix with salty water and detergent to break open the
cells and help release the DNA from the nuclei.
-Add protease enzyme to the filtered mixture to break up proteins in cell membranes and so
release more DNA.
Accurate Answers
What are the parts of an animal (and plant) cell? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
What are parts of a plant cell? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Rigid cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria)
What does the nucleus do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Contains DNA that controls what
the cell does
What does the cytoplasm do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Its a gel-like substance where
most of the chemical reactions happpen
What does the cell membrane do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Holds the cell together and
controls what goes in and out
What does the mitochondria do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅This is where most of the
reactions for respiration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work.
What does the rigid cell wall do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅It is made up of cellulose
and it gives support for the cell
,What does the large vacuole do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Contains cell sap, a weak
solution of sugar and salts
What do chloroplasts do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅This is where photosynthesis occurs.
They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
What are the features of a bacteria cell? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Chromosomal DNA
Plasmids
Flagellum
Cell wall
What is chromosomal DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Chromosomal DNA controls the
cells activities and replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm.
What are plasmids? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Plasmids are small loops of extra DNA
that aren't part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance and
can be passed between bacteria.
What is the flagellum? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The flagellum is a long, hair-like
structure that rotates to make the bacterium move.
What does the cell wall do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Support the cell
What is magnification? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅How much bigger the image is that the
specimen
How do you work out magnification? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅length of image / length
of specimen
, What is the difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Light microscopes let us see things like the nuclei, chloroplasts and
mitochondria. Electron microscopes let us see much smaller things in more detail like the
internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts and even tinier things like plasmids.
What is DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA is the complex chemical that carries
genetic information. DNA is found in chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of most
cells.
What is the structure of DNA? (6marker) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-A DNA molecule
has two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix.
-The two strands are hold together by chemicals called bases. The four bases are adenine,
thymine, guanine and cytosine.
-The bases are paired, and they always pair up in the same way; A-T and C-G. This is called base
pairing.
-The base pairs are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds.
What is a gene? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A gene is a short piece of DNA that codes for
a specific protein. You have genes for hair structure, eye colour enzymes and every other protein
in your body.
Who discovered the structure of DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Rosalind Franklin and
Maurice Wilkins worked out DNA had a helical structure by directing beams of X-rays onto
crystallised DNA and looking at the patterns of x-rays formed as they bounced off.
-James Watson and Francis Crick used these ideas along with the idea the amount of
adenine+guanine matched the amount of thymine+cytosine to make a model of the DNA
molecule where all the pieces fitted together.
What would be a practical to extract DNA?(6 marker) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Mash
or chop fruit or vegetable (e.g kiwi) and mix with salty water and detergent to break open the
cells and help release the DNA from the nuclei.
-Add protease enzyme to the filtered mixture to break up proteins in cell membranes and so
release more DNA.
