Test Bank for McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adultsvand Children 9thEdition by Julia Rogers

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,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLEvCHOICE

1. WhichvcomponentvofvthevcellvprodNuUceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CeO
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peroxidev(H 2O 2)vbyvusingvoxygenvtovr
emovevhydrogenvatomsvfromvspecificvsubstratesvinvanvoxidativevreaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d.v Oxyhydrosomes
ANS:vB
Peroxisomesvarevsovnamedvbecausevtheyvusuallyvcontainvenzymesvthatvusevoxygenvtovremov
evhydrogenvatomsvfromvspecificvsubstratesvinvanvoxidativevreactionvthatvproducesvH2O2,vwhi
chvisvavpowerfulvoxidantvandvpotentiallyvdestructivevifvitvaccumulatesvorvescapesvfromvperoxi
somes.vRibosomesvarevRNA-
proteinvcomplexesv(nucleoproteins)vthatvarevsynthesizedvinvthevnucleolusvandvsecretedvintovt
hevcytoplasmvthroughvporesvinvthevnuclearvenvelopevcalledvnuclearvporevcomplexes.vLysoso
mesvarevsaclikevstructuresvthatvoriginatevfromvthevGolgivcomplexvandvcontainvmorevthanv40vd
igestivevenzymesvcalledvhydrolases,vwhichvcatalyzevbondsvinvproteins,vlipids,vnucleicvacids,v
andvcarbohydrates.vOxyhydrosomesvarevinvolvedvinvenzymevproduction.

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2. Whichvstatementvbestvdescribesvthevcellularvfunctionvofvmetabolicvabsorption?
a. Cellsvcanvproducevproteins. c. Cellsvcanvtakevinvandvusevnutrients.
b. Cellsvcanvsecretevdigestivevenzymes. d.v Cellsvcanvsynthesizevfats.
ANS:vC
Invmetabolicvabsorption,vallvcellsvtakevinvandvusevnutrientsvandvothervsubstancesvfromvtheirvs
urroundings.vThevremainingvoptionsvarevnotvinclusivevinvtheirvdescriptionsvofvcellularvmeta
bolicvabsorption.

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3. Mostvofvavcell’svgeneticvinformation,vincludingvRNAvandvDNA,visvcontainedvinvthe:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d.vvv Lysosome
ANS:vC
Thevnucleusvcontainsvthevnucleolus,vavsmallvdensevstructurevcomposedvlargelyvofvRNA,vmo
stvofvthevcellularvDNA,vandvthevDNA-
bindingvproteins,vsuchvasvthevhistones,vwhichvregulatevitsvactivity.vThevothervoptionsvdovnotv
containvmostvofvavcell’svgeneticvinformation.

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4. Whichvcellvcomponentvisvcapablevofvcellularvautodigestionvwhenvitvisvreleasedvduringvcellvi
njury?
a. Ribosome c. Smoothvendoplasmicvreticulum
b. Golgivcomplex
d.vLysosomesvANS:vD

, Thevlysosomalvmembranevactsvasvavprotectivevshieldvbetweenvthevpowerfulvdigestivevenzym
esvwithinvthevlysosomevandvthevcytoplasm,vpreventingvtheirvleakagevintovthevcytoplasmicvma
trix.vDisruptionvofvthevmembranevbyvvariousvtreatmentsvorvcellularvinjuryvleadsvtovavreleasevo
fvthevlysosomalvenzymes,vwhichvcanvthenvreactvwithvtheirvspecificvsubstrates,vcausingvcellula
rvself-digestion.vThevothervoptionsvdovnotvcorrectlyvdescribevthisvprocess.

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5. Whatvisvthevsequencevofvstepsvinvthevdevelopmentvofvavdigestivevenzymevbyvthevpancreasvc
ellsvfromvthevinitialvtranscriptionvtovthevreleasevfromvthevcell?
a. ThevenzymevisvtranscribedvfromvDNAvbyvRNAvinvthevnucleus,vproceedsvtovthevri
bosomevforvsynthesis,vandvisvtransportedvinvavsecretoryvvesiclevtovthevcellvmem
brane.
b. ThevenzymevisvtranscribedvfromvRNAvbyvDNAvinvthevnucleus,vproceedsvtovthevlysos
omevforvsynthesis,vandvisvtransportedvinvanvencapsulatedvmembranevtovthevcellvmemb
rane.
c. Thevenzymevisvtranscribedvbyvthevmitochondriavinvthevnucleus,vproceedsvtovthevribo
somevforvsynthesis,vandvisvtransportedvinvavcytoskeletonvtovthevcellvmembrane.
d. ThevenzymevisvtranscribedvfromvDNAvbyvRNAvinvthevnucleus,vproceedsvtovthevGol
givcomplexvforvsynthesis,vandvisvtransportedvinvavcytosolvtovthevcellvmembrane.
ANS:vA
ThevenzymevisvtranscribedvfromvDNAvbyvRNAvinvthevnucleus,vproceedsvtovthevribosomevf
orvsynthesis,vandvisvtransportedvinvavsecretoryvvesiclevtovthevcellvmembrane.vThevothervopt
ionsvdovnotvcorrectlyvdescribevthisvprocess.
NURSINGTB.COM
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6. DuringvwhichvphasevofvthevcellvcyclevisvDNAvsynthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d.v M
ANS:vB
Thevfourvdesignatedvphasesvofvthevcellvcyclevare:v(1)vthevG1vphasev(Gv=vgap),vwhichvisvthevper
iodvbetweenvthevMvphasev(Mv=vmitosis)vandvthevstartvofvDNAvsynthesis;v(2)vthevSvphase(v Sv=vs
ynthesis),vduringvwhichvDNAvisvsynthesizedvinvthevcellvnucleus;v(3)vthevG2vphase,vduringvwh
ichvRNAvandvproteinvsynthesisvoccurs,vthevperiodvbetweenvthevcompletionvofvDNAvsynthesi
svandvthevnextvphasev(M);vandv(4)vthevMvphase,vwhichvincludesvnuclearvandvcytoplasmicvdivi
sion.

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7. Whatvorganicvcompoundvfacilitatesvtransportationvacrossvcellvmembranesvbyvactingvasvr
eceptors,vtransportvchannelsvforvelectrolytes,vandvenzymesvtovdrivevactivevpumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d.v Carbohydrates
ANS:vC