ANATOMY - STOTT PILATES EXAM PREPARATION (COVERS MUSCLE BALANCE, POSTURES, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TOPICS)

ANATOMY - STOTT PILATES EXAM
PREPARATION (COVERS MUSCLE
BALANCE, POSTURES, ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY TOPICS)
Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot? -
ANSWER-Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors

Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot? - ANSWER-
Lateral: Tibialis
Peroneals

What is the function of Tibialis anterior? - ANSWER-dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.

What is the function of the peroneas muscles? - ANSWER-Primarily responsible for
eversion of the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the foot, while the peroneus
tertius dorsiflexes it.

What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee? - ANSWER-The
hamstrings, gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings.

The transverse plane divides the body into _________ and _______ segments. -
ANSWER-Superior and inferior segments of the body

The Frontal plane divides the body into ____________ and ___________ segments. -
ANSWER-Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments.

The sagital plane divides the body into ________ and ________ segments - ANSWER-
Left and right segments

Medial is a directional term for: - ANSWER-Closest to the midline of the body.

Lateral is a directional term for: - ANSWER-Away from the midline of the body

Proximal/central means ________ to the trunk or midline of the body. - ANSWER-closer

Distal/peripheral means ________ from the trunk or midline of the body. - ANSWER-
away

Superior is a directional term for: - ANSWER-above or towards the head

, Inferior is a directional term for: - ANSWER-Below or away from the head

Anterior refers to - ANSWER-front of the body

Posterior refers to - ANSWER-back of the body

Superficial refers to - ANSWER-towards the surface of the skin / outer most layer

Deep refers to - ANSWER-inside the body (internal)

Spinal flexion moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. -
ANSWER-anterior surfaces of the body towards each other.

What muscles are responsible for scapular protraction? - ANSWER-Pectoralis minor,
pectoralis major, serratus anterior

What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction? - ANSWER-Trapezius,
rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi

What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation? - ANSWER-Upper Trapezius,
levator scapulae, rhomboids

What muscles are responsible for scapular depression? - ANSWER-latissimus dorsi,
serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the trapezius muscles.

What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation? - ANSWER-Trapezius and
serratus anterior

Spinal extension moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each
other. - ANSWER-anterior surfaces of the body away from each other.

Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction? - ANSWER-Side to side

Rotational movements happen around which central point? - ANSWER-The axis of the
spine.

List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine) - ANSWER-Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation

Describe the action of shoulder flexion and extension. - ANSWER-Arm reaches up
overhead (vertical flexion)
Arm reaches back behind the body (vertical extension)