NURS 170 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024-2025 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1. Respiratory Acidosis: pH of the blood is low and the body is retaining too
much CO2 Is caused by hypoventilation. Treatments: have the client breath
faster
2. Respiratory Alkalosis: pH of the blood is high, CO2 in the body is high.
Caused by hyperventilation. Treatments: Breath slower
3. Describe the difference between respiratory acidosis and alkalosis and
nursing actions to treat each.: - Respiratory Acidosis - pH of the blood is low
and the body is retaining too much CO2 Is caused by hypoventilation.
Treatments: have the client breath faster
- Respiratory Alkalosis - pH of the blood is high, CO2 in the body is high.
Caused by hyperventilation. Treatments: Breath slower
4. Metabolic acidosis: Happens when the kidneys are not functioning
, properly.
It happens when there is a decrease in the base which leads to a decrease in
bicarbonate. The kidneys are not able to excrete enough metabolic acid and
leaves them in the blood. (ADD ROME)
5. Metabolic alkalosis: Happens because of an increase of base which
increases the amount of bicarbonate. This could be due to a GI bug or
vomiting excessively.
6. Describe the difference between metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.: - Meta-
bolic acidosis happens when the kidneys are not functioning properly. It
happens when there is a decrease in the base which leads to a decrease in
bicarbonate. The kidneys are not able to excrete enough metabolic acid and
leaves them in the blood.
- Metabolic alkalosis Happens because of an increase of base which
increases the amount of bicarbonate. This could be due to a GI bug or
vomiting excessively.
7. Explain the actions of isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic IV solutions
,inside the body related to ICV and ECV.: - Isotonic: The toxicity of the
solution
is the same as the blood. This works to expand fluid volume. No fluid shift jus
extra volume.
- Hypertonic: More concentrated than blood and pulls water out of the cells
and is used to repair electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Pulls electrolytes
from intra- to extra- cellular.
- Hypotonic: Less concentrated than blood. It is contraindicated for clients
with brain injuries. It puts fluids into the cells making them swell. Moves
from extracellular to intracellular.
8. Isotonic: - The toxicity of the solution is the same as the blood. This
works to expand fluid volume. No fluid shift just extra volume.
9. Hypotonic: - Less concentrated than blood. It is contraindicated for clients
with brain injuries. It puts fluids into the cells making them swell. Moves from
extracellular to intracellular.
, 10. Hypertonic: More concentrated than blood and pulls water out of the
cells and is used to repair electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Pulls
electrolytes from intra- to extra- cellular.
11. Identity contraindications for use of hypotonic IV fluids.: - potonic fluids
are contraindicated for people with brain injuries. This fluid causes the cells
to swell and we don't want that happening in the brain.
12. Identify which IV solutions are categorized as isotonic: - 0.9% NaCl (NS),
Lactated ringers, and dextrose 5% in 0.9% of NaCl (D5NS), D5LR
13. Identify which IV solutions are categorized as hypertonic: Saline 3% or
5% NaCl
14. Identify which IV solutions are categorized as hypotonic: - 0.225% NaCl (
1/4NS), 0.45% NaCl (1/2NS), 5% dextrose in water (D5W), D5NS, D10W.
15. Describe signs and symptoms of IV therapy complications such as infec-
tion: Fever, redness at the site, warmth, pain, pus coming from the wound.
16. Describe signs and symptoms of IV therapy complications such as infiltra-
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1. Respiratory Acidosis: pH of the blood is low and the body is retaining too
much CO2 Is caused by hypoventilation. Treatments: have the client breath
faster
2. Respiratory Alkalosis: pH of the blood is high, CO2 in the body is high.
Caused by hyperventilation. Treatments: Breath slower
3. Describe the difference between respiratory acidosis and alkalosis and
nursing actions to treat each.: - Respiratory Acidosis - pH of the blood is low
and the body is retaining too much CO2 Is caused by hypoventilation.
Treatments: have the client breath faster
- Respiratory Alkalosis - pH of the blood is high, CO2 in the body is high.
Caused by hyperventilation. Treatments: Breath slower
4. Metabolic acidosis: Happens when the kidneys are not functioning
, properly.
It happens when there is a decrease in the base which leads to a decrease in
bicarbonate. The kidneys are not able to excrete enough metabolic acid and
leaves them in the blood. (ADD ROME)
5. Metabolic alkalosis: Happens because of an increase of base which
increases the amount of bicarbonate. This could be due to a GI bug or
vomiting excessively.
6. Describe the difference between metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.: - Meta-
bolic acidosis happens when the kidneys are not functioning properly. It
happens when there is a decrease in the base which leads to a decrease in
bicarbonate. The kidneys are not able to excrete enough metabolic acid and
leaves them in the blood.
- Metabolic alkalosis Happens because of an increase of base which
increases the amount of bicarbonate. This could be due to a GI bug or
vomiting excessively.
7. Explain the actions of isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic IV solutions
,inside the body related to ICV and ECV.: - Isotonic: The toxicity of the
solution
is the same as the blood. This works to expand fluid volume. No fluid shift jus
extra volume.
- Hypertonic: More concentrated than blood and pulls water out of the cells
and is used to repair electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Pulls electrolytes
from intra- to extra- cellular.
- Hypotonic: Less concentrated than blood. It is contraindicated for clients
with brain injuries. It puts fluids into the cells making them swell. Moves
from extracellular to intracellular.
8. Isotonic: - The toxicity of the solution is the same as the blood. This
works to expand fluid volume. No fluid shift just extra volume.
9. Hypotonic: - Less concentrated than blood. It is contraindicated for clients
with brain injuries. It puts fluids into the cells making them swell. Moves from
extracellular to intracellular.
, 10. Hypertonic: More concentrated than blood and pulls water out of the
cells and is used to repair electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Pulls
electrolytes from intra- to extra- cellular.
11. Identity contraindications for use of hypotonic IV fluids.: - potonic fluids
are contraindicated for people with brain injuries. This fluid causes the cells
to swell and we don't want that happening in the brain.
12. Identify which IV solutions are categorized as isotonic: - 0.9% NaCl (NS),
Lactated ringers, and dextrose 5% in 0.9% of NaCl (D5NS), D5LR
13. Identify which IV solutions are categorized as hypertonic: Saline 3% or
5% NaCl
14. Identify which IV solutions are categorized as hypotonic: - 0.225% NaCl (
1/4NS), 0.45% NaCl (1/2NS), 5% dextrose in water (D5W), D5NS, D10W.
15. Describe signs and symptoms of IV therapy complications such as infec-
tion: Fever, redness at the site, warmth, pain, pus coming from the wound.
16. Describe signs and symptoms of IV therapy complications such as infiltra-
