Midterm Exam: NU641/ NU 641 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Clinical Pharmacology Guide| Qs & As| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Regis

Midterm Exam: NU641/ NU 641 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Clinical Pharmacology Guide| Qs & As| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Regis Q: mild asthma treatment Answer: -step 1 therapy: SABA PRN for symptoms Q: mild persistent asthma treatment Answer: low-dose ICS daily BA PRN (if using 2 days per week, then step up therapy) Q: moderate asthma treatment Answer: -medium-dose ICS OR low-dose ICS with LABA (adults) OR medium-dose ICS plus leukotriene receptor modifier -SABA may be used. -Exacerbations may require oral corticosteroids. Q: severe persistent asthma treatment Answer: -Step 4 therapy: Medium-dose ICS plus LABA OR medium-dose ICS and a leukotriene modifier or theophylline -Step 5 therapy: High-dose ICS plus LABA -Step 6 therapy: high-dose ICS plus LABA and oral corticosteroids; consult asthma specialist Q: bronchodilators Answer: -BA (short or long acting vs ultra-long acting) -methalyxanthine; selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) -muscarinic agents -corticosteroids: inhaled, oral, PDE4 inhibitor Q: adverse effects methylxanthines Answer: -nausea/vomiting -increased gastric acid secretion (and subsequent gastroesophageal reflux) -polyuria -insomnia -palpitations -headaches -tremors Q: Varenicline (Chantix) Answer: -for smoking cessation; start 1 week before quit date Q: Varenicline (Chantix) side effects Answer: -Common: nausea, constipation, diarrhea, gas, abdominal pain, vomiting, heartburn, bad taste in the mouth, dry mouth, increased or decreased appetite, toothache, trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, unusual dreams or nightmares, headache, lack of energy, back, joint, or muscle pain, abnormal menstrual cycles -Serious side effects: swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, gums, eyes, neck, hands, arms, feet, ankles, or lower legs; hoarseness; difficulty swallowing or breathing; rash; swollen, red, peeling, or blistering skin; blisters in the mouth; pain, squeezing, or pressure in the chest; pain or discomfort in one or both arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach; shortness of breath; sweating; nausea, vomiting, or lightheadedness with chest pain; slow or difficult speech; sudden weakness or numbness of an arm or leg, especially on one side of the body calf pain while walking; seizures; sleepwalking Q: Varenicline (Chantix) patient education Answer: -Warning: angioedema, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures, & serious skin reactions have occurred. -Take w/ food to reduce nausea; take at the same time everyday - may make you drowsy, dizzy, lose consciousness, or have difficulty concentrating; Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you -some have had changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, depressed mood, and suicidal thoughts; ?cause/relation to nicotine withdrawal. caution in those with underlying psychiatric disorders. -can increase the effects of alcohol Q: isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) Answer: -nitrate -dilates blood vessels so blood can flow more easily & easier for heart to pump -used to prevent angina attacks -do not take if on medication for ED or PAH -side effect: headache