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Final Exam: NU606/ NU 606 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology Review| Qs & As| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Regis

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Final Exam: NU606/ NU 606 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology Review| Qs & As| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Regis Q: What effect does a potassium level of 7.5 mEq/L have on resting membrane potential (RMP)? A.RMP becomes less negative, and it takes a greater stimulus in order for cells to fire. B.RMP becomes less negative, and it takes less of a stimulus in order for cells to fire. C.RMP becomes more negative, and it takes a greater stimulus in order for cells to fire. D.RMP becomes more negative, and it takes less of a stimulus in order for cells to fire. Answer: B. RMP becomes less negative, and it takes less of a stimulus in order for cells to fire. A potassium level of 7.5 mEq/L is considered hyperkalemic. In hyperkalemia, RMP is moved closer to the threshold (it becomes less negative). Because RMP is nearer to the threshold, a weaker stimulus will cause the cell to fire (a lesser difference must be overcome). Q: T/F: Both hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia cause cells to fire more easily. Answer: False Hyperkalemia causes cells to fire more easily by moving RMP closer to the threshold, making them more likely to fire. In hypercalcemia, cells are less likely to fire. In hypocalcemia, cells are more likely to fire. Q: T/F: serum levels of pH and CO2 levels are directly proportional Answer: False As blood levels of CO2 increase, pH becomes more acidic (decreases). Q: The GFR is considered to be the best measure of renal function. What is used to estimate the GFR? a. BUN b. Serum creatinine c. Albumin level d. Serum protein Answer: B. serum creatinine Q: A client in renal failure has marked decrease in renal blood flow caused by hypovolemia, the result of gastrointestinal bleeding. The nurse is aware that this form of renal failure can be reversed if the bleeding is under control. Which form of acute renal injury does this client have? a. Prerenal failure b. Intrarenal failure c. Postrenal failure d. Chronic renal failure Answer: a. prerenal failure Q: Which type of acute kidney injury (AKI) would be most likely to accompany benign prostatic hypertrophy? A.Prerenal B.Postrenal C.Intrarenal D.Extrinsic Answer: b. postrenal Postrenal AKI occurs when the flow of urine is blocked by kidney stones, tumors, or an enlarged prostate gland. Because the male urethra passes through the prostate, if it is enlarged, the urethra may become blocked. Q: Which of the following renal disorders is characterized by increased BUN and creatinine levels? A.Acute kidney disease B.Chronic kidney disease C.Uremia D.All of the above E.B and C Answer: d. all of the above In each disorder listed, the ability to remove nitrogenous waste is diminished. This causes nitrogenous compounds (BUN and creatinine) to accumulate in the blood. Q: T/F: chronic kidney disease leads to decreased cardiac output (CO). Answer: True The increased blood pressure (HTN) and hypoxemia that accompany chronic kidney disease lead to increased myocardial work (the heart has to work harder to meet the metabolic demands of body tissues). Eventually, the heart becomes unable to meet these metabolic demands, and CO will decrease. Q: An obese client with a history of gout and a sedentary lifestyle has been advised by the primary health care provider to avoid organ meats, certain fish, and other foods that are high in purines. The care provider is demonstrating an awareness of the client's susceptibility to which type of kidney stones? a. Calcium stones b. Magnesium ammonium phosphate stones c. Uric acid stones d. Cystine stones Answer: c. uric acid stones Q: Acute pyelonephritis is a result of: a. Bacterial infection b. Renal failure c. Viral infection d. Chronic reflux Answer: a. bacterial infection Q: Which client clinical manifestation most clearly suggests a need for diagnostic testing to rule out renal cell carcinoma? a. Urinary urgency b. Hematuria c. Oliguria d. Cloudy urine Answer: b. hematuria Q: All of the following are true EXCEPT

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FinallExam:lNU606/lNUl606l(LatestlUpdate)
lAdvancedlPathophysiologylReview|lQsl&lAs
|lGradelA|l100%lCorrect (Verified Answers)
l–lRegis

Q:lWhatleffectldoeslalpotassiumllevellofl7.5lmEq/Llhavelonlrestinglmembranelpotentiall(RM
P)?
A.RMPlbecomesllesslnegative,landlitltakeslalgreaterlstimuluslinlorderlforlcellsltolfire.
B.RMPlbecomesllesslnegative,landlitltakesllessloflalstimuluslinlorderlforlcellsltolfire.
C.RMPlbecomeslmorelnegative,landlitltakeslalgreaterlstimuluslinlorderlforlcellsltolfire.
D.RMPlbecomeslmorelnegative,landlitltakesllessloflalstimuluslinlorderlforlcellsltolfire.


Answer:
B.lRMPlbecomesllesslnegative,landlitltakesllessloflalstimuluslinlorderlforlcellsltolfire.

Alpotassiumllevellofl7.5lmEq/Llislconsideredlhyperkalemic.lInlhyperkalemia,lRMPlislmovedlcl
oserltolthelthresholdl(itlbecomesllesslnegative).lBecauselRMPlislnearerltolthelthreshold,lalweak
erlstimuluslwilllcauselthelcellltolfirel(allesserldifferencelmustlbelovercome).




Q:lT/F:lBothlhyperkalemialandlhypercalcemialcauselcellsltolfirelmoreleasily.

Answer:
Falsel

HyperkalemialcauseslcellsltolfirelmoreleasilylbylmovinglRMPlcloserltolthelthreshold,lmakinglt
hemlmorellikelyltolfire.lInlhypercalcemia,lcellslarellessllikelyltolfire.lInlhypocalcemia,lcellslare
lmorellikelyltolfire.




Q:lT/F:lserumllevelsloflpHlandlCO2llevelslareldirectlylproportional

,Answer:
Falsel

AslbloodllevelsloflCO2lincrease,lpHlbecomeslmorelacidicl(decreases).




Q:lThelGFRlislconsideredltolbelthelbestlmeasureloflrenallfunction.lWhatlislusedltolestimatelt
helGFR?
a.lBUN
b.lSerumlcreatinine
c.lAlbuminllevel
d.lSerumlprotein


Answer:
B.lserumlcreatinine




Q:lAlclientlinlrenallfailurelhaslmarkedldecreaselinlrenallbloodlflowlcausedlbylhypovolemia,lt
helresultloflgastrointestinallbleeding.lThelnurselislawarelthatlthislformloflrenallfailurelcanlbelre
versedliflthelbleedinglislunderlcontrol.lWhichlformloflacutelrenallinjuryldoeslthislclientlhave?
a.lPrerenallfailure
b.lIntrarenallfailure
c.lPostrenallfailure
d.lChroniclrenallfailure


Answer:
a.lprerenallfailure




Q:lWhichltypeloflacutelkidneylinjuryl(AKI)lwouldlbelmostllikelyltolaccompanylbenignlprosta
ticlhypertrophy?
A.Prerenal
B.Postrenal
C.Intrarenal
D.Extrinsic

,Answer:
b.lpostrenall

PostrenallAKIloccurslwhenlthelflowloflurinelislblockedlbylkidneylstones,ltumors,lorlanlenlarge
dlprostatelgland.lBecauselthelmalelurethralpasseslthroughlthelprostate,liflitlislenlarged,lthelureth
ralmaylbecomelblocked.




Q:lWhichloflthelfollowinglrenalldisorderslislcharacterizedlbylincreasedlBUNlandlcreatininelle
vels?
A.Acutelkidneyldisease
B.Chroniclkidneyldisease
C.Uremia
D.Allloflthelabove
E.BlandlC


Answer:
d.lallloflthelabove

Inleachldisorderllisted,lthelabilityltolremovelnitrogenouslwastelisldiminished.lThislcauseslnitrog
enouslcompoundsl(BUNlandlcreatinine)ltolaccumulatelinlthelblood.




Q:lT/F:lchroniclkidneyldiseaselleadsltoldecreasedlcardiacloutputl(CO).

Answer:
Truel

Thelincreasedlbloodlpressurel(HTN)landlhypoxemialthatlaccompanylchroniclkidneyldiseasellea
dltolincreasedlmyocardiallworkl(thelheartlhasltolworklharderltolmeetlthelmetabolicldemandslofl
bodyltissues).lEventually,lthelheartlbecomeslunableltolmeetltheselmetabolicldemands,landlCOl
willldecrease.

, Q:lAnlobeselclientlwithlalhistoryloflgoutlandlalsedentaryllifestylelhaslbeenladvisedlbylthelpri
marylhealthlcarelproviderltolavoidlorganlmeats,lcertainlfish,landlotherlfoodslthatlarelhighlinlpur
ines.lThelcarelproviderlisldemonstratinglanlawarenessloflthelclient'slsusceptibilityltolwhichltype
loflkidneylstones?
a.lCalciumlstones
b.lMagnesiumlammoniumlphosphatelstones
c.lUriclacidlstones
d.lCystinelstones


Answer:
c.luriclacidlstones




Q:lAcutelpyelonephritislislalresultlof:
a.lBacteriallinfection
b.lRenallfailure
c.lVirallinfection
d.lChroniclreflux


Answer:
a.lbacteriallinfection




Q:lWhichlclientlclinicallmanifestationlmostlclearlylsuggestslalneedlforldiagnosticltestingltolru
leloutlrenallcelllcarcinoma?
a.lUrinarylurgency
b.lHematuria
c.lOliguria
d.lCloudylurine


Answer:
b.lhematuria




Q:lAllloflthelfollowinglareltruelEXCEPT:

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