K
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
C
PREPARATION QUESTIONS
LO
AND CORRECT DETAILED /
YC
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE
D
U
ST
,Which of the following adult structures is derived from somites? - ANS tendons, vertebrae
Cells that become the _________ undergo a ____________ to __________ transition first. Fill
in the blanks. - ANS Sclerotome, epithelial, mesenchymal
The endocardial cushion cells have important roles in heart formation. Defects in the
endocardial cushions have been associated with which of the following? - ANS septation
defects
K
Spondylocostal dysostosis and congenital scoliosis are examples of disruption of which of the
following genetic pathways? - ANS Notch
C
Somitogenesis is a developmental process that involves multiple steps regulated by specific
gene interactions. Which of the following correctly matches the gene/factor and its action during
LO
somitogenesis? - ANS FGF8/Wnt3a and retinoic acid, location of the determination front
Which of the following tissues is derived from the paraxial mesoderm? - ANS dermomyotome,
syndetome, sclerotome
YC
Which of the following is the correct order of the neural tube defects from least to most severe? -
ANS spina bifida occulta, myelomeningocele, anencephaly
Situs inversus is a rare genetic condition where the normally asymmetric localization of internal
organs is inverted. A mutation in which of the following genes is most likely linked to this
condition? - ANS Dnah11 - a cytoskeletal component that regulates cilia motility
D
The long axis of the neural tube runs along which axis? - ANS rostral-caudal
U
The neural tube is derived which of the following germ layers? - ANS ectoderm
Dorsal-ventral specification of the neural tube is regulated by secretion of which of the
ST
following? - ANS BMP4/7 from the roof plate (dorsal) / Shh from the notochord (ventral)
The developing human gastrula is patterned along the anterior-posterior axis by a number of
secreted cues. The anterior visceral endoderm migrates from the _________ tip and secretes
Wnt antagonists that direct appropriate patterning along the ___________ axis. - ANS distal,
anterior-posterior
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the epiblast in a human embryo?
a. trophoblast
b. mesoderm
, c. ectoderm
d. endoderm - ANS trophoblast
Melanocytes are derived from which embryonic tissue? - ANS neural crest
Which cytoskeletal component is particularly enriched in the shaft of a growing axon? - ANS
microtubules
Neural crest is formed when cells from the ___________ region of the neural tube change
shape from ___________ to ____________ morphology. - ANS dorsal, epithelial,
K
mesenchymal
Which of the following disorders would results from embryonic exposure to cyclopamine, an
C
inhibitor of SHH signaling? - ANS cyclopia
The segmental organization of peripheral nerves in the spinal cord depends heavily upon
LO
_______. - ANS Ephrin mediated repulsion of neural crest and axons from the caudal somite
A lack of Schwann cells and the absence of major nerve clusters, such as the sympathetic
ganglia, most likely resulted from defects in which of the following cell types? - ANS neural
crest
YC
Which cytoskeletal component is found at particularly high concentrations underneath the
plasma membrane of an active growth cone. - ANS actin
Nociceptive neurons mediate ____ and are dependent upon _____ during development. - ANS
pain, NGF
D
Tbx5 is expressed in the developing limbs and heart. You want to examine the role of Tbx5 in
the development of the limb only. Which approach would you choose? - ANS Cre/Lox using a
U
limb specific promoter driving Cre expression and a floxed Tbx5 gene
Skeletal muscles that form the deep muscles of the back derive from ____________. - ANS
ST
dorsal medial lip (DML)
Boniva (ibandronic acid) is a commonly marketed drug for osteoporosis to increase bone mass.
It acts by inhibiting the action of which of the following cells? - ANS osteoclasts
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disease that results from a genetic mutation that disrupts the
formation of ____________ that is required for strength of bone. - ANS collagen I
In the embryo, the early skeletal muscle originates from the __________. In the adult, skeletal
muscle is repaired by fusion of ____________ with muscle fibers. Fill in the blanks. - ANS
myotome, satellite cells
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
C
PREPARATION QUESTIONS
LO
AND CORRECT DETAILED /
YC
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE
D
U
ST
,Which of the following adult structures is derived from somites? - ANS tendons, vertebrae
Cells that become the _________ undergo a ____________ to __________ transition first. Fill
in the blanks. - ANS Sclerotome, epithelial, mesenchymal
The endocardial cushion cells have important roles in heart formation. Defects in the
endocardial cushions have been associated with which of the following? - ANS septation
defects
K
Spondylocostal dysostosis and congenital scoliosis are examples of disruption of which of the
following genetic pathways? - ANS Notch
C
Somitogenesis is a developmental process that involves multiple steps regulated by specific
gene interactions. Which of the following correctly matches the gene/factor and its action during
LO
somitogenesis? - ANS FGF8/Wnt3a and retinoic acid, location of the determination front
Which of the following tissues is derived from the paraxial mesoderm? - ANS dermomyotome,
syndetome, sclerotome
YC
Which of the following is the correct order of the neural tube defects from least to most severe? -
ANS spina bifida occulta, myelomeningocele, anencephaly
Situs inversus is a rare genetic condition where the normally asymmetric localization of internal
organs is inverted. A mutation in which of the following genes is most likely linked to this
condition? - ANS Dnah11 - a cytoskeletal component that regulates cilia motility
D
The long axis of the neural tube runs along which axis? - ANS rostral-caudal
U
The neural tube is derived which of the following germ layers? - ANS ectoderm
Dorsal-ventral specification of the neural tube is regulated by secretion of which of the
ST
following? - ANS BMP4/7 from the roof plate (dorsal) / Shh from the notochord (ventral)
The developing human gastrula is patterned along the anterior-posterior axis by a number of
secreted cues. The anterior visceral endoderm migrates from the _________ tip and secretes
Wnt antagonists that direct appropriate patterning along the ___________ axis. - ANS distal,
anterior-posterior
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the epiblast in a human embryo?
a. trophoblast
b. mesoderm
, c. ectoderm
d. endoderm - ANS trophoblast
Melanocytes are derived from which embryonic tissue? - ANS neural crest
Which cytoskeletal component is particularly enriched in the shaft of a growing axon? - ANS
microtubules
Neural crest is formed when cells from the ___________ region of the neural tube change
shape from ___________ to ____________ morphology. - ANS dorsal, epithelial,
K
mesenchymal
Which of the following disorders would results from embryonic exposure to cyclopamine, an
C
inhibitor of SHH signaling? - ANS cyclopia
The segmental organization of peripheral nerves in the spinal cord depends heavily upon
LO
_______. - ANS Ephrin mediated repulsion of neural crest and axons from the caudal somite
A lack of Schwann cells and the absence of major nerve clusters, such as the sympathetic
ganglia, most likely resulted from defects in which of the following cell types? - ANS neural
crest
YC
Which cytoskeletal component is found at particularly high concentrations underneath the
plasma membrane of an active growth cone. - ANS actin
Nociceptive neurons mediate ____ and are dependent upon _____ during development. - ANS
pain, NGF
D
Tbx5 is expressed in the developing limbs and heart. You want to examine the role of Tbx5 in
the development of the limb only. Which approach would you choose? - ANS Cre/Lox using a
U
limb specific promoter driving Cre expression and a floxed Tbx5 gene
Skeletal muscles that form the deep muscles of the back derive from ____________. - ANS
ST
dorsal medial lip (DML)
Boniva (ibandronic acid) is a commonly marketed drug for osteoporosis to increase bone mass.
It acts by inhibiting the action of which of the following cells? - ANS osteoclasts
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disease that results from a genetic mutation that disrupts the
formation of ____________ that is required for strength of bone. - ANS collagen I
In the embryo, the early skeletal muscle originates from the __________. In the adult, skeletal
muscle is repaired by fusion of ____________ with muscle fibers. Fill in the blanks. - ANS
myotome, satellite cells
