Meisel & Dauwalder Gene cs Exam 2
h h h h h
1.hChangehallelehfrequencieshby
migra onhintohahpopula on
2.hEqualizehallelehfrequencieshbetween
twohpopula ons
whatharehtheheffectshofh"genehflow"?
Hardy-WeinberghEquilibriumhforhmorehthanhtwohalleles
AA=p^2
BB=q^2
AB=2pq
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
p+q=1
p=frequencyhofhdominanthallel
q=frequencyhofhrecessivehallel
WhathbringshbackhHardy-Weinberghequilibrium?
Onehgenera onhofhrandomhma ng
UniversityhofhHoustonhFallh2018hExamh2h(3301)
Chaptersh7,h10,h19-20
Quan ta vehTraits
1.hHavehcon nuoushvaria on
2.integra onhofhincompletehdominancehandhGenexEnvironmenthintxns
3.whenhyouhcannothassignhanhindividualhtohahdiscretehcategory
Howhdohyouhcharacterizehphenotypichvaria on?
1.hAverage:h(mean,median,mode)
2.Varia on:hvarianceh(s^2)hvaria onharoundhmean.
lookhathpphch.19hslideh5hforhthehgraphs
Whathcauseshthehvaria onhin
heighthacrosshindividuals?
A.hDifferenceshinhgenotypes
B.hEnvironmentalhdifferences
C.hGene chandhenvironmentalhdifferences
, addi vehtraits
1.hiden fyhnumberhofhloci
2.hpossiblehtruehbreedinghgenotypes
3.AddhuphthehnumberhofhA1h&hB1
alleleshtohgeththehtrait
4.Thehnumberhofhphenotypeshincreases
rapidlyh(Pascal'shruleh=h2nh+h1)
howhtohcalculatehnumberhofhphenotypeshforhaddi vehtraits?
Pascal'shruleh2n+1
whathhappenshwhenhyouhincreasehthehnumberhofhgeneshcontrollinghahtrait?
Ashyouhincreasehthehnumberhofhgenes
controllinghahtrait,hthehphenotypic
distribu onhlookshmorehcon nuous
whathishthehoutcomehofhinheritancehofhcon nuoushtraits?
F1:intermediatehbetweenhparentalhtraitshbuththehmeanhishdependenthonhENVIRONMENTALhvaria onhO
NLY.
F2:hsamehmeanhashF1hbuthmorehvariancehandhthehvaria onhishdependenthonhGENETIChandhENVIRONME
NTALhvaria on.
F3:hcanhrecoverhparentalhgeneshdependinghonhwhathyouhcrosshyourhF2hwith.
Whyhdon'thallhtruehbreedingh"short"hplantshhavehthehsamehlengthhcorolla?
A.hEnvironmenthalsohaffectshcorollahlength.
B.hS llhsomehgene chvaria onhremaininghforhcorollahlength.
C.hThereharehsomehnon-addi veheffectshonhcorollahlength.
D.hAllhofhthehaboveharehpossiblehexplana ons.
PhenotypichVariancehformulah(Vp)
Vp=Vg+Ve
Environmentalheffectshonhcon nuoushgene chvaria on
1.nohgenehintxn
2.moderatehgenehenvironmenthintxn
3.stronghgenehenvironmenthintxn
Nohgene chenvironmenthintxn
F1:hproduceshahdiscretehtrait
F2:hdiscretehtraitshwithhbellhcurvehlikehdistribu on.
nohrange
Moderatehgenehenvironmenthintxn
h h h h h
1.hChangehallelehfrequencieshby
migra onhintohahpopula on
2.hEqualizehallelehfrequencieshbetween
twohpopula ons
whatharehtheheffectshofh"genehflow"?
Hardy-WeinberghEquilibriumhforhmorehthanhtwohalleles
AA=p^2
BB=q^2
AB=2pq
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
p+q=1
p=frequencyhofhdominanthallel
q=frequencyhofhrecessivehallel
WhathbringshbackhHardy-Weinberghequilibrium?
Onehgenera onhofhrandomhma ng
UniversityhofhHoustonhFallh2018hExamh2h(3301)
Chaptersh7,h10,h19-20
Quan ta vehTraits
1.hHavehcon nuoushvaria on
2.integra onhofhincompletehdominancehandhGenexEnvironmenthintxns
3.whenhyouhcannothassignhanhindividualhtohahdiscretehcategory
Howhdohyouhcharacterizehphenotypichvaria on?
1.hAverage:h(mean,median,mode)
2.Varia on:hvarianceh(s^2)hvaria onharoundhmean.
lookhathpphch.19hslideh5hforhthehgraphs
Whathcauseshthehvaria onhin
heighthacrosshindividuals?
A.hDifferenceshinhgenotypes
B.hEnvironmentalhdifferences
C.hGene chandhenvironmentalhdifferences
, addi vehtraits
1.hiden fyhnumberhofhloci
2.hpossiblehtruehbreedinghgenotypes
3.AddhuphthehnumberhofhA1h&hB1
alleleshtohgeththehtrait
4.Thehnumberhofhphenotypeshincreases
rapidlyh(Pascal'shruleh=h2nh+h1)
howhtohcalculatehnumberhofhphenotypeshforhaddi vehtraits?
Pascal'shruleh2n+1
whathhappenshwhenhyouhincreasehthehnumberhofhgeneshcontrollinghahtrait?
Ashyouhincreasehthehnumberhofhgenes
controllinghahtrait,hthehphenotypic
distribu onhlookshmorehcon nuous
whathishthehoutcomehofhinheritancehofhcon nuoushtraits?
F1:intermediatehbetweenhparentalhtraitshbuththehmeanhishdependenthonhENVIRONMENTALhvaria onhO
NLY.
F2:hsamehmeanhashF1hbuthmorehvariancehandhthehvaria onhishdependenthonhGENETIChandhENVIRONME
NTALhvaria on.
F3:hcanhrecoverhparentalhgeneshdependinghonhwhathyouhcrosshyourhF2hwith.
Whyhdon'thallhtruehbreedingh"short"hplantshhavehthehsamehlengthhcorolla?
A.hEnvironmenthalsohaffectshcorollahlength.
B.hS llhsomehgene chvaria onhremaininghforhcorollahlength.
C.hThereharehsomehnon-addi veheffectshonhcorollahlength.
D.hAllhofhthehaboveharehpossiblehexplana ons.
PhenotypichVariancehformulah(Vp)
Vp=Vg+Ve
Environmentalheffectshonhcon nuoushgene chvaria on
1.nohgenehintxn
2.moderatehgenehenvironmenthintxn
3.stronghgenehenvironmenthintxn
Nohgene chenvironmenthintxn
F1:hproduceshahdiscretehtrait
F2:hdiscretehtraitshwithhbellhcurvehlikehdistribu on.
nohrange
Moderatehgenehenvironmenthintxn
