NURS 5315 Exam 3 Respiratory
1. Conducting Airways consists of the nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, seg-
mental bronchi, bronchioles. warms and humidifies
the inspired air and removes foreign particles before
it passes into the lungs.
2. Respiratory Zone consists of the terminal bronchi, alveoli, alveolar cap-
illaries.
3. transpulmonary pres- What factors affect the muscles in the bronchi and
sure, respiratory bronchioles?
smooth muscle, sub-
stances produced by
the lungs, and airway
resistance.
4. transpulmonary pres- keeps the smooth muscle area open
sure
5. Beta 2 receptors respiratory muscles are innervated by the SNS and
acts on what receptors?
6. Vagus Nerve PNS innervation of the respiratory muscles comes
from which nerve to relax the smooth muscle?
7. Acetylcholine neurotransmitter that causes contraction of bronchi-
olar smooth muscles and broncho constriction
8. leukotriens, hista- substances produced by the lung cells and endothe-
mine, and substances lium that affects respiratory smooth muscle
from mast cells that
causes constriction
9. True T or F. small changes in diameter increases difficulty
in breathing. makes it harder for air to travel. children
are more impacted in decrease diameter in airways.
10. Pleural Pressure pressure that helps move air out of the lungs. it is in
between the linings of the pleura and it is negative
pressure.
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, NURS 5315 Exam 3 Respiratory
11. Alveolar Pressure pressure in the alveoli when glottis is open. Should
normalize under atmospheric pressure (0 cm H20)
12. - 1 cm H2O When chest wall expands (inspiration), what is the
alveoli pressure, allows inward movement of air
13. + 1 cm H2O When chest wall recoils (expiration), what is the alve-
olar pressure, allows movement of air outwards
14. Transpulmonary Pres- pressure difference between the intrapleural and in-
sure tra-alveolar pressures. increase in this pressure also
increases lung volume.
15. relax during expiration, the diaphraph is?
16. contract inspiration causes the diaphragh to?
17. Pneumothorax this happens when the sealed pleural cavity is
opened to the atmosphere. the bond holding the lung
to the chest wall is broken, and the lung collapses.
air in the thorax=lung cannot expand. air gets in but
cannot go out.
18. clinical manifestation clinical manifestation: dyspnea, tachypnea, deviated
of pneumothorax trachea, decreased breath sound on the affected
side, hyperresonance to percussion.
19. surfactant reduces surface tension in the lungs and what keeps
the water from pulling alveoli closed. premature ba-
bies have inadequate amount of this.
20. compliance the degree lungs expand per unit of change in
transpulmonary pressure. ability ofl ungs to stretch.
easy for lungs to expand.
21. lower compliance harder for lungs to expand, requires more force. seen
in fibrotic lung disease (fibrosis) and inadequate sur-
factant production.
22. elasticity
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1. Conducting Airways consists of the nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, seg-
mental bronchi, bronchioles. warms and humidifies
the inspired air and removes foreign particles before
it passes into the lungs.
2. Respiratory Zone consists of the terminal bronchi, alveoli, alveolar cap-
illaries.
3. transpulmonary pres- What factors affect the muscles in the bronchi and
sure, respiratory bronchioles?
smooth muscle, sub-
stances produced by
the lungs, and airway
resistance.
4. transpulmonary pres- keeps the smooth muscle area open
sure
5. Beta 2 receptors respiratory muscles are innervated by the SNS and
acts on what receptors?
6. Vagus Nerve PNS innervation of the respiratory muscles comes
from which nerve to relax the smooth muscle?
7. Acetylcholine neurotransmitter that causes contraction of bronchi-
olar smooth muscles and broncho constriction
8. leukotriens, hista- substances produced by the lung cells and endothe-
mine, and substances lium that affects respiratory smooth muscle
from mast cells that
causes constriction
9. True T or F. small changes in diameter increases difficulty
in breathing. makes it harder for air to travel. children
are more impacted in decrease diameter in airways.
10. Pleural Pressure pressure that helps move air out of the lungs. it is in
between the linings of the pleura and it is negative
pressure.
1/8
, NURS 5315 Exam 3 Respiratory
11. Alveolar Pressure pressure in the alveoli when glottis is open. Should
normalize under atmospheric pressure (0 cm H20)
12. - 1 cm H2O When chest wall expands (inspiration), what is the
alveoli pressure, allows inward movement of air
13. + 1 cm H2O When chest wall recoils (expiration), what is the alve-
olar pressure, allows movement of air outwards
14. Transpulmonary Pres- pressure difference between the intrapleural and in-
sure tra-alveolar pressures. increase in this pressure also
increases lung volume.
15. relax during expiration, the diaphraph is?
16. contract inspiration causes the diaphragh to?
17. Pneumothorax this happens when the sealed pleural cavity is
opened to the atmosphere. the bond holding the lung
to the chest wall is broken, and the lung collapses.
air in the thorax=lung cannot expand. air gets in but
cannot go out.
18. clinical manifestation clinical manifestation: dyspnea, tachypnea, deviated
of pneumothorax trachea, decreased breath sound on the affected
side, hyperresonance to percussion.
19. surfactant reduces surface tension in the lungs and what keeps
the water from pulling alveoli closed. premature ba-
bies have inadequate amount of this.
20. compliance the degree lungs expand per unit of change in
transpulmonary pressure. ability ofl ungs to stretch.
easy for lungs to expand.
21. lower compliance harder for lungs to expand, requires more force. seen
in fibrotic lung disease (fibrosis) and inadequate sur-
factant production.
22. elasticity
2/8
