NUR 350 Chap 30 Hematologic Problems
questions well answered
The nurse reviews the laboratory test results for a patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and notes
that the hemoglobin level is 8.7 g/dL and the hematocrit is 26%. The nurse should place highest priority
on initiating interventions that will reduce which symptom?
Nausea
Dizziness
Headache
Constipation - correct answer ✔✔Dizziness
The patient with a low hemoglobin and hematocrit (normal values 13.5% to 17% and 40% to 54%,
respectively, for males) is anemic and would be most likely to experience fatigue and dizziness. This
symptom develops because of the lowered oxygen-carrying capacity that leads to reduced tissue
oxygenation to carry out cellular functions. Constipation, nausea, and headache are not associated with
decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
p. 607
The nurse recalls that hemolytic anemia can be caused by which extrinsic factors?
Infectious agent
,Enzyme deficiency
Sickle cell disease
Membrane abnormalities - correct answer ✔✔Infectious agent
Infectious agents, such as malaria, are c extrinsic factors that can lead to acquired hemolytic anemias.
Membrane abnormalities, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, cause increased RBC
destruction and are hereditary (intrinsic) factors, Abnormal hemoglobin, such as sickle cell disease, and
enzyme deficiencies are intrinsic factors that lead to hereditary (intrinsic) hemolytic anemias.
p. 607
A patient's laboratory report reveals a hemoglobin (Hgb) level of 11 g/dL. The nurse expects to observe
which clinical manifestation?
Glossitis
Palpitations
Dyspnea at rest
Roaring in the ears - correct answer ✔✔Palpitations
An Hgb range of 10 to 12 g/dL indicates mild anemia. Therefore the patient with an Hgb of 11 g/dL may
experience palpitations. Glossitis is one of the manifestations of severe anemia in which the patient
would have an Hgb level below 6 g/dL. Exertional dyspnea is seen in patients with mild anemia.
However, dyspnea at rest is a manifestation of severe anemia. Roaring in the ears is seen in patients with
moderate anemia whose Hgb values range between 6 and 10 g/dL.
p. 607
, To prepare for a patient's transfusion of packed red blood cells, the nurse should select which
intravenous solution to use for the procedure?
3% normal saline
Lactated Ringer's
5% dextrose in water
0.9% normal saline - correct answer ✔✔0.9% normal saline
The blood set should be primed before the transfusion with 0.9% sodium chloride, also known as normal
saline. It is also used to flush the blood tubing after the infusion is complete to ensure the patient
receives blood that is left in the tubing when the bag is empty. Lactated Ringer's, 5% dextrose in water,
and 3% normal saline are not compatible with blood products.
p. 648
A patient is prescribed oral iron for the treatment of anemia. The nurse should instruct the patient about
what side effects?
Anorexia
Red stools
Heartburn
questions well answered
The nurse reviews the laboratory test results for a patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and notes
that the hemoglobin level is 8.7 g/dL and the hematocrit is 26%. The nurse should place highest priority
on initiating interventions that will reduce which symptom?
Nausea
Dizziness
Headache
Constipation - correct answer ✔✔Dizziness
The patient with a low hemoglobin and hematocrit (normal values 13.5% to 17% and 40% to 54%,
respectively, for males) is anemic and would be most likely to experience fatigue and dizziness. This
symptom develops because of the lowered oxygen-carrying capacity that leads to reduced tissue
oxygenation to carry out cellular functions. Constipation, nausea, and headache are not associated with
decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
p. 607
The nurse recalls that hemolytic anemia can be caused by which extrinsic factors?
Infectious agent
,Enzyme deficiency
Sickle cell disease
Membrane abnormalities - correct answer ✔✔Infectious agent
Infectious agents, such as malaria, are c extrinsic factors that can lead to acquired hemolytic anemias.
Membrane abnormalities, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, cause increased RBC
destruction and are hereditary (intrinsic) factors, Abnormal hemoglobin, such as sickle cell disease, and
enzyme deficiencies are intrinsic factors that lead to hereditary (intrinsic) hemolytic anemias.
p. 607
A patient's laboratory report reveals a hemoglobin (Hgb) level of 11 g/dL. The nurse expects to observe
which clinical manifestation?
Glossitis
Palpitations
Dyspnea at rest
Roaring in the ears - correct answer ✔✔Palpitations
An Hgb range of 10 to 12 g/dL indicates mild anemia. Therefore the patient with an Hgb of 11 g/dL may
experience palpitations. Glossitis is one of the manifestations of severe anemia in which the patient
would have an Hgb level below 6 g/dL. Exertional dyspnea is seen in patients with mild anemia.
However, dyspnea at rest is a manifestation of severe anemia. Roaring in the ears is seen in patients with
moderate anemia whose Hgb values range between 6 and 10 g/dL.
p. 607
, To prepare for a patient's transfusion of packed red blood cells, the nurse should select which
intravenous solution to use for the procedure?
3% normal saline
Lactated Ringer's
5% dextrose in water
0.9% normal saline - correct answer ✔✔0.9% normal saline
The blood set should be primed before the transfusion with 0.9% sodium chloride, also known as normal
saline. It is also used to flush the blood tubing after the infusion is complete to ensure the patient
receives blood that is left in the tubing when the bag is empty. Lactated Ringer's, 5% dextrose in water,
and 3% normal saline are not compatible with blood products.
p. 648
A patient is prescribed oral iron for the treatment of anemia. The nurse should instruct the patient about
what side effects?
Anorexia
Red stools
Heartburn
