Psychology Exam #1: Study Guide
Terms
Psychology - correct answer the science of behavior and mental processes
Behavior - correct answer actions we can observe and record
Mental Processes - correct answer the internal, subjective experiences we infer
from behavior
Neuroanatomy - correct answer anatomy and organization of the nervous system
Neuroscience - correct answer the study of the nervous system
Neuroimaging - correct answer techniques that allow you to image the structure
and function of the nervous system
Trephination: What? What three things was it used for? - correct answer The
surgical opening of the skull.
1.) Allow spirits in or out of the skull.
2.) headache, trauma, seizures.
3.) Make ornaments out of the bone
Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus - correct answer Papyrus that provides the earliest
written description of the brain on record. This document contains 48 case histories beginning with
discussion of injuries of the head and proceeding downward to the thorax and spine.
Philosophy - correct answer study of existence, knowledge, values, the mind, etc,
through the use of "rational" arguments
,Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt: What 4 things did he do? - correct answer 1.) defined
psychology as a "science of mental life" 2.) wrote one the most important works in the history of
psychology, "Principals of Physiological Psychology" 3.) established the first psychological laboratory 4.)
established the first psychological journal
Structuralism - correct answer an early school of psychology that used introspection
to explore the structural elements of the mind. Championed by Wundt's student, Edward Titchener.
Introspection - correct answer careful self examination and reporting of ones
mental experiences
William James - correct answer became the most important advocate of the
psychological school of functionalism
Functionalism - correct answer the school of psychology that focused on how our
behavioral and mental processes function/ how they enable us to adapt and survive
Mary Calkins - correct answer the 1st female PhD in Psychology
John Watson - correct answer delivered a lecture entitled "Psychology as the
Behaviorist Views It." This lecture would become known as the "behaviorist manifesto" and Watson
would become known as the "father of behaviorism."
Critical Thinking - correct answer Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments
and conclusions; rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence,
And assesses conclusions.
Theory - correct answer an explanation using an integrated set of principles that
organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
, Hypotheses - correct answer A testable prediction, often implied by a theory. They
enable researchers to test, reject or revise a theory. The statement specifies what results would confirm
a theory and which results would disconfirm it
Operational Definition - correct answer a statement of procedures (operations)
used to define
research variables
Replication - correct answer repeating the essence of a research study, usually with
different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic findings extend to other
participants and circumstances
Neuron - correct answer a nerve cell; the basic building block for the nervous
system
Cell Body - correct answer location of the cell nucleus and the center of cellular
metabolism
Dendrites - correct answer the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that
receives messages and conducts impulses towards the cell body
Axon - correct answer the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal
fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Myelin Sheath - correct answer Layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers
of many neurons, enables greater transmission speeds of neural impulses. Composed of Schwann cells
in the peripheral nervous system, and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system.
Axon Terminals - correct answer The distal terminations of the axon.
Neurotransmitters are released here to facilitate neuronal communication.
Synapse - correct answer the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron
and the dendrite or cell body of he receiving neuron
Terms
Psychology - correct answer the science of behavior and mental processes
Behavior - correct answer actions we can observe and record
Mental Processes - correct answer the internal, subjective experiences we infer
from behavior
Neuroanatomy - correct answer anatomy and organization of the nervous system
Neuroscience - correct answer the study of the nervous system
Neuroimaging - correct answer techniques that allow you to image the structure
and function of the nervous system
Trephination: What? What three things was it used for? - correct answer The
surgical opening of the skull.
1.) Allow spirits in or out of the skull.
2.) headache, trauma, seizures.
3.) Make ornaments out of the bone
Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus - correct answer Papyrus that provides the earliest
written description of the brain on record. This document contains 48 case histories beginning with
discussion of injuries of the head and proceeding downward to the thorax and spine.
Philosophy - correct answer study of existence, knowledge, values, the mind, etc,
through the use of "rational" arguments
,Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt: What 4 things did he do? - correct answer 1.) defined
psychology as a "science of mental life" 2.) wrote one the most important works in the history of
psychology, "Principals of Physiological Psychology" 3.) established the first psychological laboratory 4.)
established the first psychological journal
Structuralism - correct answer an early school of psychology that used introspection
to explore the structural elements of the mind. Championed by Wundt's student, Edward Titchener.
Introspection - correct answer careful self examination and reporting of ones
mental experiences
William James - correct answer became the most important advocate of the
psychological school of functionalism
Functionalism - correct answer the school of psychology that focused on how our
behavioral and mental processes function/ how they enable us to adapt and survive
Mary Calkins - correct answer the 1st female PhD in Psychology
John Watson - correct answer delivered a lecture entitled "Psychology as the
Behaviorist Views It." This lecture would become known as the "behaviorist manifesto" and Watson
would become known as the "father of behaviorism."
Critical Thinking - correct answer Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments
and conclusions; rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence,
And assesses conclusions.
Theory - correct answer an explanation using an integrated set of principles that
organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
, Hypotheses - correct answer A testable prediction, often implied by a theory. They
enable researchers to test, reject or revise a theory. The statement specifies what results would confirm
a theory and which results would disconfirm it
Operational Definition - correct answer a statement of procedures (operations)
used to define
research variables
Replication - correct answer repeating the essence of a research study, usually with
different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic findings extend to other
participants and circumstances
Neuron - correct answer a nerve cell; the basic building block for the nervous
system
Cell Body - correct answer location of the cell nucleus and the center of cellular
metabolism
Dendrites - correct answer the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that
receives messages and conducts impulses towards the cell body
Axon - correct answer the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal
fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Myelin Sheath - correct answer Layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers
of many neurons, enables greater transmission speeds of neural impulses. Composed of Schwann cells
in the peripheral nervous system, and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system.
Axon Terminals - correct answer The distal terminations of the axon.
Neurotransmitters are released here to facilitate neuronal communication.
Synapse - correct answer the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron
and the dendrite or cell body of he receiving neuron
