Psychology Final Exam Study Guide Chapters 1 - 15 Complete Actual Questions With Answers Well Elaborated.

Psychology - correct answer the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Wundt - correct answer father of psychology Freud, Psychoanalysis - correct answer A perspective in psychology created by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes unconscious mental activity and the long lasting influence of childhood experiences Behaviorism vs Humanism - correct answer Behaviorism is a perspective in psychology that emphasizes observable behavior over internal mental processes while Humanism is a perspective in psychology that emphasizes the notion that human nature is generally good and people are naturally motivated to grow toward their own potential. Biological/Neuroscience - correct answer A perspective in psychology that emphasizes the link between behavior and the biological functioning of the brain Cognitive Psychology - correct answer A perspective in psychology that emphasizes processes such as thinking, language, attention, memory, and intelligence Positive Psychology - correct answer A perspective in psychology that emphasizes people's strengths and successes Multiculturalism - correct answer A psychological perspective that emphasizes the influences of culture on behavior and mental processes. Sociocultural - correct answer combining social and cultural factors evolutionary psychology - correct answer A psychological perspective that emphasizes Charles Darwin's theory of evolution as an influence on behavior Biopyschosocial - correct answer A uniquely comprehensive psychological perspective that emphasizes biological, psychological, and social factors as influences on behavior Scientific Method - correct answer A way of asking and answering questions that follows a predetermined series of steps: posing a question, conducting a literature review, developing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis by collecting data, analyzing the data and drawing conclusions Hypothesis - correct answer A prediction that can be tested Theory - correct answer proposed explanation for a wide variety of observations and experimental results random assignment - correct answer A procedure in experimental research by which the assignment of participants into either the experimental or control group happens entirely by chance Experiment - correct answer Manipulating one variable and measuring how another variable responds independent variable - correct answer variable that is manipulated by the researcher dependent variable - correct answer A variable that is expected to depend upon the independent variable Experimental Group - correct answer The group of participants who receive the treatment that is the focus of the study Control Group - correct answer The group of participants who do not receive the treatment that is the focus of the study Case Study - correct answer When a small number of psychologists conduct research in which the sample consists of just one person (or very small group) studied in great depth naturalistic observation - correct answer When the psychologist collects data from participants by visiting them in the real world location where their behavior happens naturally Surveys - correct answer A set of questions addressed to a group of people about their behavior or attitudes Correlation - Causation fallacy - correct answer The mistaken belief that when two variables correlate strongly with each other, one must cause the other positive correlation - correct answer when one variable increases, so does the other negative correlation - correct answer as one variable increases, the other decreases zero correlation - correct answer no correlation Neurons - correct answer The cells that facilitate communication with the nervous system Dendrites - correct answer Branches at the end of neurons that receive signals from other neurons cell body (soma) - correct answer The large central region of a neuron that performs the basic activities, including the production of energy to keep the neuron functional Axon - correct answer The part of the neuron that carries information toward other neurons myelin sheath - correct answer A protective sleeve of fatty material that surrounds the axon Synapse - correct answer a gap between connecting neurons action potential - correct answer The release, or firing, of an electrical impulse that travels through the axon Neurotransmitters - correct answer chemical messengers that travel across synapses from one neuron to the next Flow order through the neuron - correct answer the signal shoots through the axon into the axon terminal and travels to a dendrite on the next axon nervous system - correct answer The full set of nerves that connect your brain with all the other parts of your body central nervous system - correct answer The core of the nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) peripheral nervous system - correct answer the neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body somatic nervous system - correct answer the part of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the parts of the body you control voluntarily autonomic nervous system - correct answer the part of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the parts of the body that operate involuntarily sympathetic nervous system - correct answer The part of your autonomic nervous system that revs your body up in response to stressors parasympathetic nervous system - correct answer the part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body down when stressors decrease Plasticity - correct answer The ability of the brain to adapt its structure or function in response to damage or experience Brainstem - correct answer The part of the brain that connects to the spine and controls the functions most essential to staying aliv