Psych Exam 1 Comprehensive Questions With All Correct Verified Answers.

What's the definition of Psychology? - correct answer Study of behavior & mental processes. What's the distinction between behavior and mental processes? - correct answer Behavior can be observed first hand, while mental process cannot. What are the four goals of Psychology in order? - correct answer 1. Describe Behavior 2. Explain Behavior 3. Predict Behavior 4. Control Behavior What's nativism and what's philosophical empiricism? - correct answer Nativism is the theory that all knowledge is inate. It's philisophical empiricism is the theory all knowledge is aquired through experience. What are monsim and dualism? - correct answer Monism- mind and brain are one. Dualism- mind and body are separate. How did Descartes say the mind and brain interacted? - correct answer Descartes believed that body and mind are fundamentally different things. Dualism. What's phrenology and what was the big problem with it? - correct answer phrenology suggested that psysiological capacticies and traits, such as capacity of friendship, and causiousness were in different brain areas. Broca discovered brain damage impaired specific brain function. What trend did phrenology and Paul Broca's discovery represent in regard to the mind- brain relation debate? - correct answer The brain and mind are closely linked. What was structuralism, and what research tequinque did structuralists often use? - correct answer Structuralism is the analysis of the basic elements of the world and mind. They often used the method of introspection, which is subject observation of one's own experience. What did introspection have to do with structuralism's downfall? - correct answer It was hard to describe exactly what you are experiencing. What was functionalism? - correct answer The study of mental processes that help us adapt. Why did William James say consciousess couldn't be broken into components? - correct answer It distorted the essential nature of consciousness. What is psychoanalytic theory? - correct answer An approach that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behavior. What is the unconscious? - correct answer Part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions. What were the criticisms of psychoanalytic theory that were mentioned in class? - correct answer Unconscious cannot be directly observed. What were J.B. Watson's criticisms of mental processes? - correct answer You can't observe peoples experiences. What's behaviorism, and who was the most famous behaviorist (hint: he discovered operant learning)? - correct answer The study of observable behavior. B.F. Skinner What's operant learning? - correct answer Behavior frequency is coningent on its consequences. What two events spurred the cognitive revolution? - correct answer 1) Digital computer. 2) Chomskys critique of verbal behavior. What's cognitive psychology? - correct answer Scientific study of mental processes. What's social psychology? - correct answer Study of causes and consequences of social behavior. What historical period heavily influenced social psychologists? - correct answer 1930's the rise of Nazism. What's cultural psychology? - correct answer Study of how sultures reflect and shape the psychological process of their members. With regard to cultural psychology, what's the distinction between absolutism and relativism? - correct answer Aboslutism- universal mental processes here are the same as in china. Relativism- psychological phenomenon vary depending on where you live. Most psychologists have what kind of degree? - correct answer Ph.D Psy.D One-third of psychologists have what kind of degree? - correct answer MA &MS Master of Arts & Master of Science. What's the most common employment sector for psychologists? - correct answer Clinical Psychologists. How many psychologists are there in the U.S., Europe, and Brazil, respectively? - correct answer 300,000 US 290,000 Europe 140,000 Brazil What are the problems with a lack of diversity in the field of psychology? - correct answer There is less variety in perspectives. What's the scientific method? - correct answer Procedure for finding truth using empierical evidence. 1) Develping and expanation 2)conducting research 3)analyzing data 4)drawing conclusions. What does the scientific way of knowing say about proving something vs. being confident in something? - correct answer Formulate Theorys and hypothesis'. What's a theory? - correct answer Hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon. What's the rule of parsimony? - correct answer The simplest theory that explains all the evidence is the best one. What's a hypothesis? - correct answer Falsifiable prediction made by a theory. What's an operational definition, and what's an example of one? - correct answer Defining something in measureable terms. What's an instrument, and what's an example of one? - correct answer Detect whether something conforms to an operational definiton. Ex) cesium clock. When is an operational definition valid, and what's an example of a valid operational definition? - correct answer When it deinfes what it is suposed to define. The operarational definition os a scond is the duration of 9,192,631,770 cycles of microwave light absorbed or emitted by the hyperfine transtition of cesium-133 atoms. When is an instrument reliable, and what's an example of a reliable instrument? - correct answer When an instrument prodcduces the same measurements whenver itis used to meassure the same thing. A smiling maching. When is an instrument powerful, and what's an example of a powerful instrument? - correct answer Ability to detect small magnitudes of the property. If a person smiled slightly, than a good smile detector would detect a different in a smile and a light smile. What's research? - correct answer Systematic inquiry aimed a discovering new knowlege.