MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS FINAL
(EXAM + QUIZ MC) WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS
d (primers) - ANSWER-*The specificity of the PCR reaction is determined by which of
the following components?*
a. Mg2+ concentration
b. Deoxynucleotides
c. DNA polymerase
d. Primers
a (primer dimers) - ANSWER-*Complementarity of primer pairs at the 3' ends will result
in what artifacts?*
a. Primer dimers
b. Large mis-primed products
c. No amplification
d. 5' end degradation of the primers
d (secondary structure) - ANSWER-*A DNA sequence with high GC content is more
likely to have what property that interferes with PCR amplification?*
a. Tendency to degrade
b. Enzyme inactivation
c. Lower Tm
d. Secondary structure
b (nested PCR offers increased specificity and yield of product) - ANSWER-*What is the
advantage of a nested PCR procedure?*
a. Nested PCR is less labor-intensive.
b. Nested PCR offers increased specificity and yield of product.
c. Nested PCR has a shorter reaction time than standard PCR.
d. Nested PCR is less expensive than standard PCR.
c (real time PCR is quantitative) - ANSWER-*Real-time PCR differs from standard PCR
in which way?*
a. Standard PCR is faster.
b. Real-time PCR is less sensitive.
c. Real-time PCR is quantitative.
d. Standard PCR is more specific.
d (PCR products from a previous reaction) - ANSWER-*Which of the following is the
most likely source of PCR contamination?*
a. Unfiltered dust particles
,b. Environmental fungi
c. Eyelashes
d. PCR products from a previous reaction
d (hybrid capture assay) - ANSWER-*In which of the following nucleic acid amplification
procedures is a hybrid nucleic acid labeled with detectable signal?*
a. Polymerase chain reaction
b. Strand displacement amplification
c. Transcription-mediated amplification
d. Hybrid capture assay
c (primer annealing and extension) - ANSWER-*Fluorescence is detectable at which
stage of the real-time PCR process?*
a. Template denaturation
b. Cycle 1
c. Primer annealing and extension
d. Prior to amplification
d (polyacrylamide) - ANSWER-*Which of the following molecules polymerize to form a
support medium through which nucleic acids move?*
a. Ethidium bromide
b. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
c. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
d. Polyacrylamide
c (2.0%) - ANSWER-*What concentration of agarose should be used for optimal
separation of DNA fragments of 100, 250, and 350 bp in length?*
a. 0.5%
b. 0.7%
c. 2.0%
d. 12.0%
a (red) - ANSWER-*The positive pole in electrophoresis is indicated by which color?*
a. Red
b. Black
c. Green
d. White
a (capillary electrophoresis) - ANSWER-*A very limited amount of nucleic acid, 500-
1500 bp in size, is to be analyzed in a short time (same day) with the results available
immediately. Which of the following electrophoresis procedures will satisfy those
conditions?*
a. Capillary electrophoresis
b. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis
c. Field inversion gel electrophoresis
d. Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field
, c (3) - ANSWER-*A circular molecule has two sites for the restriction enzyme PstI and
one site for the enzyme BamH1. How many fragments will result when digested with
both enzymes?*
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
b (loss of function) - ANSWER-*What type of mutations usually occur in tumor
suppressor genes in malignant cells?*
a. Gain of function
b. Loss of function
c. Activating
d. Amplifications
a (t(9;22)) - ANSWER-*Which of the following translocations can be used to monitor
treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia?*
a. t(9;22)
b. t(11;14)
c. t(8;14)
d. t(9;11)
a (BRCA1) - ANSWER-*A patient with a family history of breast cancer wants to know
her risk of having breast cancer. Which of the following genes should be analyzed in
this patient?*
a. BRCA1
b. Von Hippel-Lindau
c. N-myc
d. K-ras
d (all of the above) - ANSWER-*What are gained properties of transformed cells in
carcinogenesis?*
a. Immortalization
b. Abnormal Growth
c. Stimulate Angiogenesis
d. All of the above
b (the distance b/w restriction enzyme recognition sites) - ANSWER-*What is learned
from the size of restriction fragments as determined by migration speed in gel
electrophoresis?*
a. The specificity of the restriction enzyme
b. The distance between restriction enzyme recognition sites
c. The rate of digestion of the enzyme
d. The number of restriction sites in the DNA
(EXAM + QUIZ MC) WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS
d (primers) - ANSWER-*The specificity of the PCR reaction is determined by which of
the following components?*
a. Mg2+ concentration
b. Deoxynucleotides
c. DNA polymerase
d. Primers
a (primer dimers) - ANSWER-*Complementarity of primer pairs at the 3' ends will result
in what artifacts?*
a. Primer dimers
b. Large mis-primed products
c. No amplification
d. 5' end degradation of the primers
d (secondary structure) - ANSWER-*A DNA sequence with high GC content is more
likely to have what property that interferes with PCR amplification?*
a. Tendency to degrade
b. Enzyme inactivation
c. Lower Tm
d. Secondary structure
b (nested PCR offers increased specificity and yield of product) - ANSWER-*What is the
advantage of a nested PCR procedure?*
a. Nested PCR is less labor-intensive.
b. Nested PCR offers increased specificity and yield of product.
c. Nested PCR has a shorter reaction time than standard PCR.
d. Nested PCR is less expensive than standard PCR.
c (real time PCR is quantitative) - ANSWER-*Real-time PCR differs from standard PCR
in which way?*
a. Standard PCR is faster.
b. Real-time PCR is less sensitive.
c. Real-time PCR is quantitative.
d. Standard PCR is more specific.
d (PCR products from a previous reaction) - ANSWER-*Which of the following is the
most likely source of PCR contamination?*
a. Unfiltered dust particles
,b. Environmental fungi
c. Eyelashes
d. PCR products from a previous reaction
d (hybrid capture assay) - ANSWER-*In which of the following nucleic acid amplification
procedures is a hybrid nucleic acid labeled with detectable signal?*
a. Polymerase chain reaction
b. Strand displacement amplification
c. Transcription-mediated amplification
d. Hybrid capture assay
c (primer annealing and extension) - ANSWER-*Fluorescence is detectable at which
stage of the real-time PCR process?*
a. Template denaturation
b. Cycle 1
c. Primer annealing and extension
d. Prior to amplification
d (polyacrylamide) - ANSWER-*Which of the following molecules polymerize to form a
support medium through which nucleic acids move?*
a. Ethidium bromide
b. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
c. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
d. Polyacrylamide
c (2.0%) - ANSWER-*What concentration of agarose should be used for optimal
separation of DNA fragments of 100, 250, and 350 bp in length?*
a. 0.5%
b. 0.7%
c. 2.0%
d. 12.0%
a (red) - ANSWER-*The positive pole in electrophoresis is indicated by which color?*
a. Red
b. Black
c. Green
d. White
a (capillary electrophoresis) - ANSWER-*A very limited amount of nucleic acid, 500-
1500 bp in size, is to be analyzed in a short time (same day) with the results available
immediately. Which of the following electrophoresis procedures will satisfy those
conditions?*
a. Capillary electrophoresis
b. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis
c. Field inversion gel electrophoresis
d. Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field
, c (3) - ANSWER-*A circular molecule has two sites for the restriction enzyme PstI and
one site for the enzyme BamH1. How many fragments will result when digested with
both enzymes?*
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
b (loss of function) - ANSWER-*What type of mutations usually occur in tumor
suppressor genes in malignant cells?*
a. Gain of function
b. Loss of function
c. Activating
d. Amplifications
a (t(9;22)) - ANSWER-*Which of the following translocations can be used to monitor
treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia?*
a. t(9;22)
b. t(11;14)
c. t(8;14)
d. t(9;11)
a (BRCA1) - ANSWER-*A patient with a family history of breast cancer wants to know
her risk of having breast cancer. Which of the following genes should be analyzed in
this patient?*
a. BRCA1
b. Von Hippel-Lindau
c. N-myc
d. K-ras
d (all of the above) - ANSWER-*What are gained properties of transformed cells in
carcinogenesis?*
a. Immortalization
b. Abnormal Growth
c. Stimulate Angiogenesis
d. All of the above
b (the distance b/w restriction enzyme recognition sites) - ANSWER-*What is learned
from the size of restriction fragments as determined by migration speed in gel
electrophoresis?*
a. The specificity of the restriction enzyme
b. The distance between restriction enzyme recognition sites
c. The rate of digestion of the enzyme
d. The number of restriction sites in the DNA
