PHIL 101 FINAL EXAM JMU YATES QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

PHIL 101 FINAL EXAM JMU YATES
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

NietzscheYisYaY...Y-YANS--Iconoclast

iconoclastY-YANS--oneYwhoYopposesYestablishedYbeliefs,Ycustoms,YandYinstitutions

HowYdoesYNietzscheYfurtherYskepticism?Y-YANS--
focusedYonYourYformationYofYconceptYandYtruthYclaimsYthatYgoYwithYthem

Nietzsche'sYkeyYthemesY-YANS--
IntellectualYpretenseYandYdrive,YconceptsYasYpathYofYabstraction,YconceptsYrootedYinYme
taphors,YillusionYofYbeingYrightYviaY"cathedralYofYconcepts"

WhoYwouldYagreeYthatY"WeYreasonYinYlanguage,YlanguageYusesYwords.YWordsYareYbasi
callyYmetaphors"?Y-YANS--Nietzsche

NietzscheYbelievesYtruthYclaimsYare...Y-YANS--Contingent

AccordingYtoYNietzsche,YperceptionYinvolves...Y-YANS--
TheYnervousYsystemYformsYanYimage,YthenYformsYsound/word,YtoYexplain...

"CognitionYisYneverYdirect,YitYusesYconcepts"Y-YANS--Nietzsche

WhoYdoesYNietzscheYhate?Y-YANS--Plato

TruthYclaimsYare...Y-YANS--conceptualYdesignations

Rousseau'sYpersonalYconcernY-YANS--
InequalityYandYgovernmentY(howYtoYbalanceYindividualYfreedomsYwithinYtheYgoodYthingsY
inYgovernment)

WhenYRousseauYfocusesYonY'NatureYasYBasisYforYMorality',YwhatYisYheYNOTYtalkingYabo
ut?Y-YANS--GodYandYtheYprinciplesYofYhumanYreason

WhenYRousseauYfocusesYonY'NatureYasYBasisYforYMorality',YwhatYISYheYtalkingYabout?Y-
YANS--HumanYnatureYasYselfishYinYaYgoodYway,YaYnaturallyYgoodYkindYofYselfYinterest

, Humanity'sYgoalYaccordingYtoYRousseauY-YANS--ToYbeYaYgoodYperson

RousseauYsaysYthatYinYourYhumanYnature,YthreeYthingsYintersectY-YANS--
WhatYweYthink,YwhatYweYdo,YandYhowYweYact

WhatYdoesYRousseauYsayYaboutYhowYhumansYareYshapedYbyYsociety?Y-YANS--
WeYareYbornYpotentiallyYgoodYbutYsocietyYusuallyYshapesYusYforYtheYbad

DoesYRousseauYthinkYpeopleYcanYbeYinherentlyYevil?Y-YANS--No

WhatYcomesYfirst,YnaturalYfeelingsYorYacquiredYideas?Y-YANS--NaturalYfeelings

WhatYareYideas?Y-YANS--
ReasonedYprinciples;YtheyYbuildYonYfeelingsYandYthenYguideYactions

WhoYcreatedYtheYsocialYcontract?Y-YANS--Rousseau

TheYsocialYcontractY-YANS--
AYvoluntaryYagreementYamongYindividualsYtoYsecureYtheirYrightsYandYwelfareYbyYcreating
YaYgovernmentYandYabidingYbyYitsYrules.



TheYsocialYcontractYisYtheYconvergenceYofYwhat?Y(MovingYfromYwhatYtoYwhat)Y-YANS--
IndividualYlibertyYandYgeneralYwill;YmovingYfromYnaturalYorderYtoYsocialYorder

"ManYisYbornYfree,YandYeverywhereYheYisYinYchains"Y-YANS--Rousseau

TheYpuzzleYofYtheYsocialYcontractY-YANS--
HowYtoYbeYfree,YmoralYindividualsYANDYobeyYlawsYthatYguideYusYasYpeople

WhenYRousseauYsaysYweYareYforcedYtoYbeYfree,YheYmeans...Y-YANS--
WeYareYcommandedYbyYlawsYandYauthorities,YbutYforYtheYsakeYofYourYownYlibertyYandYpr
eservation

WhatYdoesYRousseauYsayYaboutYreasoningYtogether?Y-YANS--
ThisYwillYhelpYORYhinderYeachYperson'sYchanceYatYfreedom

HowYdoesYlibertyYstayYonYcourseYinYtransitionYfromYtheYstateYofYnatureYtoYtheYcivilYstate?
Y-YANS--

ItYisYstillYthere,YitYjustYshiftsYcontexts;YyouYloseYtheYpurityYofYnature,YbutYnotYtheYpointYofYc
onscience

WhatYisYmoralYliberty?Y-YANS--
TheYfreedomYfromYimpulseYofYappetite.YSlaveryYisYifYyouYareYalwaysYrespondingYtoYimpu
lseYorYappetite.YMoralYlibertyYisYself-
mastery.YWeYdemonstrateYthatYwe'veYadvancedYpastYtheYstateYofYnature