SARAH MICHELLE LIVE REVIEW STUDY
GUIDE LATEST QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
In type 1 diabetes patients, we are worried about them developing what? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-DKA
When type 1 diabetic patients are sick, should they stop their insulin? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-No- continue insulin as normal
What is Somogyi Effect? - CORRECT ANSWERS-There is a DIP in the middle of the
night in their blood glucose, before it rise in the morning
What is Dawn Effect? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The blood glucose steadily rises all
night
What is the typical cause of the Dawn Effect? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Due to an
increase in growth hormone, just need to increase their insulin
At what HgbA1c are we going to initiate insulin? - CORRECT ANSWERS-> 9%
What physical exam finding may occur due to insulin resistance? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Acanthosis nigricans
Do type 2 diabetes patients need to take a daily aspirin? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Not
necessarily, if they are at increased risk of heart disease then they can take a daily
aspirin
What is Addison's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Too little cortisol
What is Cushing's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Too much cortisol
What lab values would you expect in Addison's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Everything is going to be low except their potassium level- hyperkalemia
What lab values would you expect in Cushing's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Everything is going to be high except their potassium level- hypokalemia
What are some signs and symptoms of Cushing's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Moon face
Purple striae
Truncal obesity
,What anemias are alcoholics at biggest risk for? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Folate and
B12 deficiency anemias
What is glossitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Beefy red tongue- common in B12
deficiency
What do we need to limit in children less than 12 months of age to help prevent iron
deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Whole milk
Beside thalassemia, what is another condition that can cause you to absorb too much
iron? What is the treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hemochromatosis- treatment is
regular phlebotomy
What is polycythemia vera? How is this treated? - CORRECT ANSWERS-When the
body creates too many blood cells and this makes the blood very thick and viscous
Treated with regular phlebotomy
Patient with polycythemia Vera are at an increased risk of what? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Clotting
What are examples of highest levels of evidence? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Meta-
analysis and Systematic Reviews
Pulling together a lot of research to review it
Key word: Review- they are pulling together several studies that have already been
done
What are examples of middle levels of evidence? - CORRECT ANSWERS-All the C's
Randomized control trials, cohort studies, case control studies, and cross sectional
studies
Actual research is being performed
What are some examples of studies with the lowest level of evidence? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Editorials, opinions, observational
No actual research is being done
Look for key words: Longitudinal and retrospective
What is the main difference between quasi-experimental design and a randomized
control trial? - CORRECT ANSWERS-These are both in the second category of
evidence- research is actually happening
Randomized control trials, there is randomization about who gets the placebo and who
get that actual treatment
Quasi-experimental design, there is no randomization
What is the health belief model? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The health belief model is
that people will not change their health behaviors unless they personally believe they
,are at risk and they want to avoid negative health consequences. This model is used to
explain and also to predict health behaviors.
What are the six components that the Health Belief Model addresses? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-1. Perceived risks susceptibility
2. Belief of consequence
3. Risk severity
4. Benefits to action
5. Self-efficacy
6. Cues to action
What is your license? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Your license is what gives you the ability
to practice in your state
***There are no compact states when it comes to an APRN license
What does certification mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Your board exam: AANP or
AANC
What does your credentials mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Credentialing is the
process that you go through in order to be allowed to bill Medicare, Medicaid, etc.
Basically a MASSIVE verification process
What is Claims Based Insurance? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Means you have coverage
while you're still employed. The second you cut ties and leave that job, you lose
coverage.
What is Occurrence Based Insurance? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Is not affected by job
changes or retirement. Instead, as long as you had an active policy when you saw that
patient in the clinic. You're covered.
What is the Stages of Change Model? - CORRECT ANSWERS-This is a model that we
use to assess a patient's readiness to make a change.
What are the 5 components to the Stages of Change Model? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance
What is the Family Systems Theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The main thing is that
the family functions as a system, a cohesive unit, one big emotional unit.
Each family member plays a specific role within this theory.
If one part of the unit starts to slack, then other parts of the family will pick up some of
the slack from whatever is lacking.
, What are the 3 step of the Lewin's Change Model? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1.
Unfreeze: before the change occurs and we're figuring how to become motivated to
change and kind of figuring out the details.
2. Change: where the change actually occurs.
3. Refreeze: what you are going to do to ensure that this change is permanent and
becomes a new habit.
A new graduate nurse practitioner has a patient presents with a hearing complaint. The
patient states that they have had decreased hearing on the right side for the last month
that is continuing to get worse. The NP completes both the Rinne and Weber tests. If
the patient has Ménière's disease, what would be the expected finding on the Weber
test?
1. AC is 2 times longer than BC
2. BC is 2 times longer than AC
3. The tuning fork lateralizes to the right ear
4. The tuning fork lateralizes to the left ear - CORRECT ANSWERS-4. The tuning fork
lateralizes to the left ear
What are common signs and symptoms of Meniere's Disease? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Vertigo, tinnitus, ear pressure, nystagmus
What is our biggest worry for a Meniere's Disease patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
There is a possibility for a potential, permanent hearing loss.
What is rhinitis meidcamentosa? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Drug-induced rebound nasal
congestion, this can happen after use of nasal decongestants like Afrin. These nasal
decongestants should ideally not be used for greater than 3-5 days because of this risk.
What is herpes keratitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-This is an infection of the cornea due
to herpes simplex virus
How is herpes keratitis diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWERS-By examining the eye
under a black lamp and visualized the cornea, in herpes keratitis, fern like lines will be
seen on the cornea
A child that has a history of mononucleosis is at increased risk for development for what
cancer later in life? And why? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and
Burkitt's Lymphoma, this is due to the exposure of the Epstein-Barr virus
What types of patients will be at a higher risk of pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Patient with chronic lung diseases: asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis.
Why are cough suppressants not helpful in pneumonia patients? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Because we WANT them to get that gunk out, we do not want them to hold
it in their lungs, an expectorant would be a better option for these patients.
GUIDE LATEST QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
In type 1 diabetes patients, we are worried about them developing what? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-DKA
When type 1 diabetic patients are sick, should they stop their insulin? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-No- continue insulin as normal
What is Somogyi Effect? - CORRECT ANSWERS-There is a DIP in the middle of the
night in their blood glucose, before it rise in the morning
What is Dawn Effect? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The blood glucose steadily rises all
night
What is the typical cause of the Dawn Effect? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Due to an
increase in growth hormone, just need to increase their insulin
At what HgbA1c are we going to initiate insulin? - CORRECT ANSWERS-> 9%
What physical exam finding may occur due to insulin resistance? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Acanthosis nigricans
Do type 2 diabetes patients need to take a daily aspirin? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Not
necessarily, if they are at increased risk of heart disease then they can take a daily
aspirin
What is Addison's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Too little cortisol
What is Cushing's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Too much cortisol
What lab values would you expect in Addison's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Everything is going to be low except their potassium level- hyperkalemia
What lab values would you expect in Cushing's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Everything is going to be high except their potassium level- hypokalemia
What are some signs and symptoms of Cushing's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Moon face
Purple striae
Truncal obesity
,What anemias are alcoholics at biggest risk for? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Folate and
B12 deficiency anemias
What is glossitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Beefy red tongue- common in B12
deficiency
What do we need to limit in children less than 12 months of age to help prevent iron
deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Whole milk
Beside thalassemia, what is another condition that can cause you to absorb too much
iron? What is the treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hemochromatosis- treatment is
regular phlebotomy
What is polycythemia vera? How is this treated? - CORRECT ANSWERS-When the
body creates too many blood cells and this makes the blood very thick and viscous
Treated with regular phlebotomy
Patient with polycythemia Vera are at an increased risk of what? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Clotting
What are examples of highest levels of evidence? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Meta-
analysis and Systematic Reviews
Pulling together a lot of research to review it
Key word: Review- they are pulling together several studies that have already been
done
What are examples of middle levels of evidence? - CORRECT ANSWERS-All the C's
Randomized control trials, cohort studies, case control studies, and cross sectional
studies
Actual research is being performed
What are some examples of studies with the lowest level of evidence? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Editorials, opinions, observational
No actual research is being done
Look for key words: Longitudinal and retrospective
What is the main difference between quasi-experimental design and a randomized
control trial? - CORRECT ANSWERS-These are both in the second category of
evidence- research is actually happening
Randomized control trials, there is randomization about who gets the placebo and who
get that actual treatment
Quasi-experimental design, there is no randomization
What is the health belief model? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The health belief model is
that people will not change their health behaviors unless they personally believe they
,are at risk and they want to avoid negative health consequences. This model is used to
explain and also to predict health behaviors.
What are the six components that the Health Belief Model addresses? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-1. Perceived risks susceptibility
2. Belief of consequence
3. Risk severity
4. Benefits to action
5. Self-efficacy
6. Cues to action
What is your license? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Your license is what gives you the ability
to practice in your state
***There are no compact states when it comes to an APRN license
What does certification mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Your board exam: AANP or
AANC
What does your credentials mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Credentialing is the
process that you go through in order to be allowed to bill Medicare, Medicaid, etc.
Basically a MASSIVE verification process
What is Claims Based Insurance? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Means you have coverage
while you're still employed. The second you cut ties and leave that job, you lose
coverage.
What is Occurrence Based Insurance? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Is not affected by job
changes or retirement. Instead, as long as you had an active policy when you saw that
patient in the clinic. You're covered.
What is the Stages of Change Model? - CORRECT ANSWERS-This is a model that we
use to assess a patient's readiness to make a change.
What are the 5 components to the Stages of Change Model? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance
What is the Family Systems Theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The main thing is that
the family functions as a system, a cohesive unit, one big emotional unit.
Each family member plays a specific role within this theory.
If one part of the unit starts to slack, then other parts of the family will pick up some of
the slack from whatever is lacking.
, What are the 3 step of the Lewin's Change Model? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1.
Unfreeze: before the change occurs and we're figuring how to become motivated to
change and kind of figuring out the details.
2. Change: where the change actually occurs.
3. Refreeze: what you are going to do to ensure that this change is permanent and
becomes a new habit.
A new graduate nurse practitioner has a patient presents with a hearing complaint. The
patient states that they have had decreased hearing on the right side for the last month
that is continuing to get worse. The NP completes both the Rinne and Weber tests. If
the patient has Ménière's disease, what would be the expected finding on the Weber
test?
1. AC is 2 times longer than BC
2. BC is 2 times longer than AC
3. The tuning fork lateralizes to the right ear
4. The tuning fork lateralizes to the left ear - CORRECT ANSWERS-4. The tuning fork
lateralizes to the left ear
What are common signs and symptoms of Meniere's Disease? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Vertigo, tinnitus, ear pressure, nystagmus
What is our biggest worry for a Meniere's Disease patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
There is a possibility for a potential, permanent hearing loss.
What is rhinitis meidcamentosa? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Drug-induced rebound nasal
congestion, this can happen after use of nasal decongestants like Afrin. These nasal
decongestants should ideally not be used for greater than 3-5 days because of this risk.
What is herpes keratitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-This is an infection of the cornea due
to herpes simplex virus
How is herpes keratitis diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWERS-By examining the eye
under a black lamp and visualized the cornea, in herpes keratitis, fern like lines will be
seen on the cornea
A child that has a history of mononucleosis is at increased risk for development for what
cancer later in life? And why? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and
Burkitt's Lymphoma, this is due to the exposure of the Epstein-Barr virus
What types of patients will be at a higher risk of pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Patient with chronic lung diseases: asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis.
Why are cough suppressants not helpful in pneumonia patients? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Because we WANT them to get that gunk out, we do not want them to hold
it in their lungs, an expectorant would be a better option for these patients.
