PHIL 101 Exam 3 JMU Yates
"Thinking connects us to the world in a way different from senses" - ✔️✔️Descartes
Two issues with Descartes philosophy of substance - ✔️✔️Metaphysical issue and
epistemological issue
Descartes metaphysical issue - ✔️✔️We are both material and mental; we have bodily
substance and consciousness/thought
What is the essential property of our body? - ✔️✔️Extended
Who likes radical doubt? - ✔️✔️Descartes
Who is renewing Aristotle's substance? - ✔️✔️Descartes
What is substance? - ✔️✔️The "stuff" of things
What are Descartes 3 main concerns? - ✔️✔️How to preserve an understanding of
God as providential and the world as God's good creation; How can humans be partially
material in nature and yet also made of minds/thoughts; how to deal with our sense as
primary yet our mind as best for knowledge
Descartes believes each natural thing has ________ and _________ - ✔️✔️Surface
qualities and inner essence
What are surface qualities? - ✔️✔️Properties of something, attributes, accidents
What is inner essence? - ✔️✔️Baseline definition and purpose of something
Reality is made up of 3 kinds of substance, which are... - ✔️✔️Divine being, material
being, and mental being
Descartes is a... - ✔️✔️Rationalist
Descartes' focus - ✔️✔️Truth of reality and capabilities of knowledge certainty
Descartes wants to get at... - ✔️✔️The foundations of things
Descartes likes ____________ truths - ✔️✔️Clear, logical
, Descartes had the ____ vs _______ problem - ✔️✔️Mind vs body
What is material substance? - ✔️✔️Natural things
What is mental substance? - ✔️✔️Ideas and consciousness
What does extension mean? - ✔️✔️To take up space
What is the main quality of material substances? - ✔️✔️Extension
What is the essential property of our mind? - ✔️✔️Thinks freely
The mind/body problem is a result of the larger ______/______ problem -
✔️✔️thought/reality
Descartes epistemological issue - ✔️✔️Knowledge in terms of ideas in more certain
that knowledge in terms of senses
What does it mean to be a rationalist? - ✔️✔️The mind knows abstract truths/essences
whereas the senses just know qualities
Rational/abstract thought is based in _____________ - ✔️✔️Innate ideas
What are innate ideas? - ✔️✔️Concepts present in the mind from birth
What is Descartes metaphysics of substance? - ✔️✔️Mind and body are distinct things,
but connected by the pineal gland; the mind is better
What is Descartes theory of ideas? - ✔️✔️Thought is separate from reality, but can
know reality with greater certainty than the senses can
What is the rationalist ideal? - ✔️✔️Base knowledge on truths that the mind can
discover on it's own
Descartes embodies 3 modern ambitions, which are... - ✔️✔️Possibility for certain
knowledge on human basis; don't start with assumptions about higher truth; rid
reasoning of all errors
Descartes first theme - ✔️✔️Doubt
Descartes first priority - ✔️✔️Avoid error
"Thinking connects us to the world in a way different from senses" - ✔️✔️Descartes
Two issues with Descartes philosophy of substance - ✔️✔️Metaphysical issue and
epistemological issue
Descartes metaphysical issue - ✔️✔️We are both material and mental; we have bodily
substance and consciousness/thought
What is the essential property of our body? - ✔️✔️Extended
Who likes radical doubt? - ✔️✔️Descartes
Who is renewing Aristotle's substance? - ✔️✔️Descartes
What is substance? - ✔️✔️The "stuff" of things
What are Descartes 3 main concerns? - ✔️✔️How to preserve an understanding of
God as providential and the world as God's good creation; How can humans be partially
material in nature and yet also made of minds/thoughts; how to deal with our sense as
primary yet our mind as best for knowledge
Descartes believes each natural thing has ________ and _________ - ✔️✔️Surface
qualities and inner essence
What are surface qualities? - ✔️✔️Properties of something, attributes, accidents
What is inner essence? - ✔️✔️Baseline definition and purpose of something
Reality is made up of 3 kinds of substance, which are... - ✔️✔️Divine being, material
being, and mental being
Descartes is a... - ✔️✔️Rationalist
Descartes' focus - ✔️✔️Truth of reality and capabilities of knowledge certainty
Descartes wants to get at... - ✔️✔️The foundations of things
Descartes likes ____________ truths - ✔️✔️Clear, logical
, Descartes had the ____ vs _______ problem - ✔️✔️Mind vs body
What is material substance? - ✔️✔️Natural things
What is mental substance? - ✔️✔️Ideas and consciousness
What does extension mean? - ✔️✔️To take up space
What is the main quality of material substances? - ✔️✔️Extension
What is the essential property of our mind? - ✔️✔️Thinks freely
The mind/body problem is a result of the larger ______/______ problem -
✔️✔️thought/reality
Descartes epistemological issue - ✔️✔️Knowledge in terms of ideas in more certain
that knowledge in terms of senses
What does it mean to be a rationalist? - ✔️✔️The mind knows abstract truths/essences
whereas the senses just know qualities
Rational/abstract thought is based in _____________ - ✔️✔️Innate ideas
What are innate ideas? - ✔️✔️Concepts present in the mind from birth
What is Descartes metaphysics of substance? - ✔️✔️Mind and body are distinct things,
but connected by the pineal gland; the mind is better
What is Descartes theory of ideas? - ✔️✔️Thought is separate from reality, but can
know reality with greater certainty than the senses can
What is the rationalist ideal? - ✔️✔️Base knowledge on truths that the mind can
discover on it's own
Descartes embodies 3 modern ambitions, which are... - ✔️✔️Possibility for certain
knowledge on human basis; don't start with assumptions about higher truth; rid
reasoning of all errors
Descartes first theme - ✔️✔️Doubt
Descartes first priority - ✔️✔️Avoid error
