NUR 5332 Final Exam Study Guide Overview With
Complete Solutions (A+)
Cushing's Disease - ANSWER Excess cortisol due to pituitary tumor secreting ACTH.
Cushing Syndrome - ANSWER Excess cortisol from causes other than pituitary tumor.
Addisonian Crisis - ANSWER Severe hypotension leading to vascular collapse and
shock.
Addison's Disease - ANSWER Autoimmune disorder causing insufficient cortisol and
aldosterone.
ACTH - ANSWER Adrenocorticotropic hormone regulating cortisol production.
Hypocortisolism - ANSWER Low cortisol secretion from adrenal insufficiency.
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency - ANSWER Addison's disease with inadequate hormone
synthesis.
Secondary Hypocortisolism - ANSWER Low ACTH from prolonged glucocorticoid use.
Hyperpigmentation - ANSWER Skin darkening due to increased ACTH levels.
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Decreased thyroid hormone production affecting
metabolism.
,Primary Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Loss of thyroid function leading to high TSH.
Central Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Pituitary failure to produce adequate TSH.
Autoimmune Thyroiditis - ANSWER Chronic inflammation of thyroid leading to
dysfunction.
Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia.
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells.
Insulin Resistance - ANSWER Cells fail to respond effectively to insulin.
Eosinophilia - ANSWER Elevated eosinophil count often seen in Addison's.
Hyperkalemia - ANSWER High potassium levels, may cause mild alkalosis.
ACTH Stimulation Test - ANSWER Evaluates serum cortisol levels in adrenal
insufficiency.
Moon Face - ANSWER Facial rounding due to fat accumulation in Cushing's.
Buffalo Hump - ANSWER Fat accumulation in the cervical area in Cushing's.
Truncal Obesity - ANSWER Fat accumulation in the trunk area due to cortisol.
Purple Striae - ANSWER Stretch marks seen in the trunk area in Cushing's.
, Glucose Intolerance - ANSWER Inability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively.
Autoantibodies - ANSWER Antibodies that attack the body's own cells.
Idiopathic Addison Disease - ANSWER Adrenal atrophy from autoimmune attack on
adrenal glands.
Adrenal Atrophy - ANSWER Shrinkage of adrenal glands due to autoimmune disease.
Physiologic Stress - ANSWER Physical or emotional stress triggering adrenal crisis.
Glucagon - ANSWER Hormone that increases blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) - ANSWER Chronic disease marked by insulin
resistance.
Insulin Resistance (IR) - ANSWER Decreased sensitivity to insulin in target tissues.
Hyperglycemia - ANSWER Persistently high blood glucose levels.
Beta-cell Dysfunction - ANSWER Decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta
cells.
Leptin - ANSWER Hormone that regulates energy balance and appetite.
Adiponectin - ANSWER Hormone that enhances insulin sensitivity.
Free Fatty Acids - ANSWER Lipids that can impair insulin action.
Complete Solutions (A+)
Cushing's Disease - ANSWER Excess cortisol due to pituitary tumor secreting ACTH.
Cushing Syndrome - ANSWER Excess cortisol from causes other than pituitary tumor.
Addisonian Crisis - ANSWER Severe hypotension leading to vascular collapse and
shock.
Addison's Disease - ANSWER Autoimmune disorder causing insufficient cortisol and
aldosterone.
ACTH - ANSWER Adrenocorticotropic hormone regulating cortisol production.
Hypocortisolism - ANSWER Low cortisol secretion from adrenal insufficiency.
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency - ANSWER Addison's disease with inadequate hormone
synthesis.
Secondary Hypocortisolism - ANSWER Low ACTH from prolonged glucocorticoid use.
Hyperpigmentation - ANSWER Skin darkening due to increased ACTH levels.
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Decreased thyroid hormone production affecting
metabolism.
,Primary Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Loss of thyroid function leading to high TSH.
Central Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Pituitary failure to produce adequate TSH.
Autoimmune Thyroiditis - ANSWER Chronic inflammation of thyroid leading to
dysfunction.
Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia.
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells.
Insulin Resistance - ANSWER Cells fail to respond effectively to insulin.
Eosinophilia - ANSWER Elevated eosinophil count often seen in Addison's.
Hyperkalemia - ANSWER High potassium levels, may cause mild alkalosis.
ACTH Stimulation Test - ANSWER Evaluates serum cortisol levels in adrenal
insufficiency.
Moon Face - ANSWER Facial rounding due to fat accumulation in Cushing's.
Buffalo Hump - ANSWER Fat accumulation in the cervical area in Cushing's.
Truncal Obesity - ANSWER Fat accumulation in the trunk area due to cortisol.
Purple Striae - ANSWER Stretch marks seen in the trunk area in Cushing's.
, Glucose Intolerance - ANSWER Inability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively.
Autoantibodies - ANSWER Antibodies that attack the body's own cells.
Idiopathic Addison Disease - ANSWER Adrenal atrophy from autoimmune attack on
adrenal glands.
Adrenal Atrophy - ANSWER Shrinkage of adrenal glands due to autoimmune disease.
Physiologic Stress - ANSWER Physical or emotional stress triggering adrenal crisis.
Glucagon - ANSWER Hormone that increases blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) - ANSWER Chronic disease marked by insulin
resistance.
Insulin Resistance (IR) - ANSWER Decreased sensitivity to insulin in target tissues.
Hyperglycemia - ANSWER Persistently high blood glucose levels.
Beta-cell Dysfunction - ANSWER Decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta
cells.
Leptin - ANSWER Hormone that regulates energy balance and appetite.
Adiponectin - ANSWER Hormone that enhances insulin sensitivity.
Free Fatty Acids - ANSWER Lipids that can impair insulin action.
