MCB4150 Exam 1Study Guide With
Verified Solution
Microbiome - ANSWER multi-genus/species community of microorganisms that exist
within a defined environment
Human Microbiome - ANSWER the beneficial/neutral/adversarial community of bacteria
that live on/in a human host
Parts of the human that are densely populated with microbes: - ANSWER
-Gastrointestinal Tract
-Oral Cavity
-Vagina
-Skin
What is microbial diversity involved in? - ANSWER -Biogeochemical cycling
-Infectious disease
-Microbial Degradation
-Aquatic microbiology
-Oxidation/Reduction reactions
-Biotechnology
How long have microbes evolved for? - ANSWER ~3.9 billion years
Haeckel's 3 Kingdom Phylogeny - ANSWER Was the 1st attempt to categorize life
1.) Plants
2.) Animals
3.) Monera/ microorganisms
Whittaker's 5 Kingdom Classification Scheme - ANSWER 1.) Plants
2.) Animals
3.) Fungi
4.) Protista
5.) Monera/ microorganisms
, Woese's 3 Domains - ANSWER Groundbreaking because it showed the prokaryotes can
be divided into 2 domains of Bacteria and Archaea
And showed that majority of Eukaryotes are also made up of microorganisms
1.) Bacteria
2.) Archaea
3.) Eukarya
Leeuwenhoek: - ANSWER -built a microscope with a single lens that had a magnification
of 200x
-1st to discover and describe bacteria, but called them "wee animalcules"
Spallanzani - ANSWER -tried to disprove SG
-put broth into a sealed container and sterilized it with heat, and showed no microbial
life grew
-was not accepted by people because the container was sealed, so they argued "life
force" inside was killed off
Pasteur - ANSWER -father of microbiology and immunology
-found that pathogens/bacteria cause disease
-discovered chirality and stereochemisty
-found microbial origin of fermentation
-treatment and prevention of rabies, cholera, and anthrax
-disproved SG/Vitalism by using his Swan-necked Flask experiments, where he
essentially did the same thing as Spallanzani, but because his container was open,
people could not argue the "life force" could not get inside
Koch - ANSWER -developed Postulates/methods to culture and isolate bacteria
-methods to obtain pure cultures/ "Pure Culture Paradigm"
-saw that colonies grew on a potato slice when incubated in air, and each colony must
have come from a single bacteria
-colonies had characteristic morphologies of shape, size, and color, which he believed
could be used to classify species much like in animals
-discovered specific bacteria that causes tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
and cholera
Koch's Postulates - ANSWER -a specific microorganism must be present in all disease
Verified Solution
Microbiome - ANSWER multi-genus/species community of microorganisms that exist
within a defined environment
Human Microbiome - ANSWER the beneficial/neutral/adversarial community of bacteria
that live on/in a human host
Parts of the human that are densely populated with microbes: - ANSWER
-Gastrointestinal Tract
-Oral Cavity
-Vagina
-Skin
What is microbial diversity involved in? - ANSWER -Biogeochemical cycling
-Infectious disease
-Microbial Degradation
-Aquatic microbiology
-Oxidation/Reduction reactions
-Biotechnology
How long have microbes evolved for? - ANSWER ~3.9 billion years
Haeckel's 3 Kingdom Phylogeny - ANSWER Was the 1st attempt to categorize life
1.) Plants
2.) Animals
3.) Monera/ microorganisms
Whittaker's 5 Kingdom Classification Scheme - ANSWER 1.) Plants
2.) Animals
3.) Fungi
4.) Protista
5.) Monera/ microorganisms
, Woese's 3 Domains - ANSWER Groundbreaking because it showed the prokaryotes can
be divided into 2 domains of Bacteria and Archaea
And showed that majority of Eukaryotes are also made up of microorganisms
1.) Bacteria
2.) Archaea
3.) Eukarya
Leeuwenhoek: - ANSWER -built a microscope with a single lens that had a magnification
of 200x
-1st to discover and describe bacteria, but called them "wee animalcules"
Spallanzani - ANSWER -tried to disprove SG
-put broth into a sealed container and sterilized it with heat, and showed no microbial
life grew
-was not accepted by people because the container was sealed, so they argued "life
force" inside was killed off
Pasteur - ANSWER -father of microbiology and immunology
-found that pathogens/bacteria cause disease
-discovered chirality and stereochemisty
-found microbial origin of fermentation
-treatment and prevention of rabies, cholera, and anthrax
-disproved SG/Vitalism by using his Swan-necked Flask experiments, where he
essentially did the same thing as Spallanzani, but because his container was open,
people could not argue the "life force" could not get inside
Koch - ANSWER -developed Postulates/methods to culture and isolate bacteria
-methods to obtain pure cultures/ "Pure Culture Paradigm"
-saw that colonies grew on a potato slice when incubated in air, and each colony must
have come from a single bacteria
-colonies had characteristic morphologies of shape, size, and color, which he believed
could be used to classify species much like in animals
-discovered specific bacteria that causes tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
and cholera
Koch's Postulates - ANSWER -a specific microorganism must be present in all disease
