NP1 EXAM 5
1. what are the symptoms of folic acid deficiency anemia?: Gray hair, mouthsores, forgetful,
birth defects, pancytopenia
2. Folic acid deficiency anemia--what causes low levels?: alcoholism and GIdisorders
3. what is sickle cell anemia?: a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemo- globin,
resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape. mustinherit the trait from
both parents to have the disease. More common in African Americans.
4. what are symptoms of sickle cell anemia?: ankle & fat ulcers (tissue is- chemia), low
grade fever, hemolysis (sickle cells breakdown in 20 days {normalRBCs--120 days}),
jaundice, dark urine (hemoglobinuria), splenomegaly (could rupture), kidney damage, pain,
pale extremities, WBC elevated, H&H decreased
5. what triggers a sickle cell crisis?: stress, infection, dehydration, increased inaltitude, cold
(decreased O2 in the body)
6. what is the treatment for sickle cell crisis?: Oxygen, prompt analgesia (verypainful), IV
fluids, antibiotics, keep warm, 3L of water a day, treat constipation
7. what is aplastic anemia (rare)?: bone marrow does not make cells properly -->pancytopenia
poor blood clotting, poor oxygenation, weakened immune system
8. who can donate blood?: --Weigh >50 kg or 110lbs
--17 y. o. + or 16 y. o. with parents permission
--every 8 weeks for whole blood
--every 7 days for platelets
9. who can't donate blood?: --currently taking antibiotics for infection
---clotting disorder
--fever
--active infection
--taking anticoagulants
--BP <90/50
--Hgb <12.5g/dl
--hepatitis, HIV+, pregnant, sickle cell disease
--IV drug use or prostitution
10. why would someone need whole blood?: excessive blood loss
11. why would someone need packed RBCs?: anemia, excessive blood loss,hypovolemic
, shock, sickle cell anemia
12. why would someone need platelets?: thrombocytopenia or cancer
13. why would someone need plasma?: burns, shock, bleeding disorders
14. why would someone need WBCs?: bacterial or fungal infection
15. why would someone need cryoprecipitates?: hemophilia, von willebrand
16. why would someone need albumin?: hypoproteinemia, burns
17. what is the patho of cirrhosis?: liver cells are destroyed and replaced by CT/scar tissue,
subsequently hardening of the organ, leading to altered circulationincreasing BP (portal HTN)
18. what are complications of cirrhosis?: - Jaundice
- Portal Hypertension
- Esophageal Varices
- Splenomegaly
-Ascites
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
19. what is jaundice?: a yellow-tinged appearance of the skin, mucous membrane,and also
within the sclera of the eyes d/t build-up of serum bilirubin
20. what is ascites?: abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (third spacing)
21. what is esophageal varices?: dilated veins in the esophagus or stomach d/tportal HTN
22. what is portal vein hypertension?: Obstructed flow in liver increases pressure in the
portal venous system which is reflected back to those organs sending blood to the portal vein,
leads to esophageal varices.
23. what is hepatic encephalopathy?: decline in brain fx that occurs d/t liver failure (ammonia
crosses the blood brain barrier)
24. what are manifestations of cirrhosis?: jaundice, ascites, muscle wasting, itchyskin, red
palms (palmar erythema), dilated vessels (spider angioma), sparse body hair, hobnail fibrotic
liver (The liver of a patient with cirrhosis, which has a knobbly appearance caused by
regenerating nodules separated by bands of fibrous tissue.)
25. what are the symptoms of cirrhosis?: anorexia, fatigue, weakness, N/V, unin-tentional
wght loss, abd. pain or swelling, easy bruising or bleeding, jaundice, andextremities edema
26. what is hepatitis?: Inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection ornon-viral
infection
27. what are symptoms of hepatitis?: fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,fever, light-
colored stool, dark-colored urine, and yellow skin (jaundice)
1. what are the symptoms of folic acid deficiency anemia?: Gray hair, mouthsores, forgetful,
birth defects, pancytopenia
2. Folic acid deficiency anemia--what causes low levels?: alcoholism and GIdisorders
3. what is sickle cell anemia?: a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemo- globin,
resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape. mustinherit the trait from
both parents to have the disease. More common in African Americans.
4. what are symptoms of sickle cell anemia?: ankle & fat ulcers (tissue is- chemia), low
grade fever, hemolysis (sickle cells breakdown in 20 days {normalRBCs--120 days}),
jaundice, dark urine (hemoglobinuria), splenomegaly (could rupture), kidney damage, pain,
pale extremities, WBC elevated, H&H decreased
5. what triggers a sickle cell crisis?: stress, infection, dehydration, increased inaltitude, cold
(decreased O2 in the body)
6. what is the treatment for sickle cell crisis?: Oxygen, prompt analgesia (verypainful), IV
fluids, antibiotics, keep warm, 3L of water a day, treat constipation
7. what is aplastic anemia (rare)?: bone marrow does not make cells properly -->pancytopenia
poor blood clotting, poor oxygenation, weakened immune system
8. who can donate blood?: --Weigh >50 kg or 110lbs
--17 y. o. + or 16 y. o. with parents permission
--every 8 weeks for whole blood
--every 7 days for platelets
9. who can't donate blood?: --currently taking antibiotics for infection
---clotting disorder
--fever
--active infection
--taking anticoagulants
--BP <90/50
--Hgb <12.5g/dl
--hepatitis, HIV+, pregnant, sickle cell disease
--IV drug use or prostitution
10. why would someone need whole blood?: excessive blood loss
11. why would someone need packed RBCs?: anemia, excessive blood loss,hypovolemic
, shock, sickle cell anemia
12. why would someone need platelets?: thrombocytopenia or cancer
13. why would someone need plasma?: burns, shock, bleeding disorders
14. why would someone need WBCs?: bacterial or fungal infection
15. why would someone need cryoprecipitates?: hemophilia, von willebrand
16. why would someone need albumin?: hypoproteinemia, burns
17. what is the patho of cirrhosis?: liver cells are destroyed and replaced by CT/scar tissue,
subsequently hardening of the organ, leading to altered circulationincreasing BP (portal HTN)
18. what are complications of cirrhosis?: - Jaundice
- Portal Hypertension
- Esophageal Varices
- Splenomegaly
-Ascites
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
19. what is jaundice?: a yellow-tinged appearance of the skin, mucous membrane,and also
within the sclera of the eyes d/t build-up of serum bilirubin
20. what is ascites?: abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (third spacing)
21. what is esophageal varices?: dilated veins in the esophagus or stomach d/tportal HTN
22. what is portal vein hypertension?: Obstructed flow in liver increases pressure in the
portal venous system which is reflected back to those organs sending blood to the portal vein,
leads to esophageal varices.
23. what is hepatic encephalopathy?: decline in brain fx that occurs d/t liver failure (ammonia
crosses the blood brain barrier)
24. what are manifestations of cirrhosis?: jaundice, ascites, muscle wasting, itchyskin, red
palms (palmar erythema), dilated vessels (spider angioma), sparse body hair, hobnail fibrotic
liver (The liver of a patient with cirrhosis, which has a knobbly appearance caused by
regenerating nodules separated by bands of fibrous tissue.)
25. what are the symptoms of cirrhosis?: anorexia, fatigue, weakness, N/V, unin-tentional
wght loss, abd. pain or swelling, easy bruising or bleeding, jaundice, andextremities edema
26. what is hepatitis?: Inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection ornon-viral
infection
27. what are symptoms of hepatitis?: fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,fever, light-
colored stool, dark-colored urine, and yellow skin (jaundice)
