CCJ4450 Exam 2 Guide With
Complete Solution
What is the focus of Human Relations Theory? - ANSWER ALL about the
workers (People Matter)
What is the assumption of HR theory? - ANSWER People can get satisfaction
from work when workers committed to organization and goals
T/F HR theory is very contrasting to classical theories - ANSWER TRUE;
(Classical believes in rules, hierarchy, and centralization = efficiency but HR
believes this doesn't have to be true)
If HR theory is accurate, what is not needed in an org.? - ANSWER Not
needed:
-high lvls of formalization
-accuracy
-centralization
BIG TAKEAWAY OF HR THEORY? - ANSWER -People matter!
-if people motivated = organizational efficiency
What makes an organization efficient in terms of HR theory? - ANSWER
Worker motivation
What should HR organizational structure be built around? - ANSWER
professional judgement
,What is professional judgement? - ANSWER let's people have discretion,
lower lvl decision making, workers using wider range of skills
T/F HR theory has lower horizontal complexity - ANSWER True; using wider
range of skills instead of specialization
What is this an example of) letting 1 attorney handle a lot instead of
specialized cases - ANSWER workers using wider range of skills in HR theory
4 Strengths of HR theory? - ANSWER 1. Produces more motivated workforce
2. lower lvl. of turnover
3. lower lvl of absenteeism
4. greater committment to job
2 Weaknesses of HR Theory? - ANSWER 1. viewed as overly simplistic
2. Satisfying workforce is not the main focus of most organizations
What is employee turnover? - ANSWER loss of employees who voluntarily
choose to leave the company
T/F Absenteeism is when employees miss work for planned vacations and
other commitments - ANSWER FALSE; absenteeism is last minute call offs
T/F higher rates of absenteeism in CJS is problematic - ANSWER TRUE; if
prison guards, LEA call off it can be dangerous especially because there is akr
a shortage of workers in these areas
Why do some researchers call HR theory "Cow Sociology"? - ANSWER They
are saying it doesn't account for many other variables, too simple
What is Cow Sociology? - ANSWER The principle that happy cows produce
,more milk. However, many other factors are at play that could affect milk
production
T/F HR theory is an open system perspective - ANSWER FALSE; HR is a closed
syste perspective along with classical theories
Do classical/HR apply well to CJS? - ANSWER No, because both closed system
perspectves and CJS is largely open.
Does HR theory look internally or externally? - ANSWER Looking internally
What are the 3 theories under open systems theory? (these apply to CJS) -
ANSWER 1. Contingency theory
2. Resource Dependence Theory
3.Institutional theory
T/F Contrary to Classical Theories, Human Relations theory assumes that
people can get satisfaction from their work and motivation is generated from
gratification that results from task accomplishment. - ANSWER True
Which of the following is not one of the three most common open system
theories we discussed in class? - ANSWER Human Relations
Does contingency theory look internally or externally? - ANSWER Look
Outside (externally)
What theory says ideal organizations depend or are contingent on external
factors that impact success/performance? - ANSWER Contingency theory
Strengths of Contingency theory? - ANSWER -Taking into account outside is
good and makes sense (rational)
Weaknesses of Contingency theory? - ANSWER -endless list of contingencies
, that could impact
-uncertainty; hard to predict
-Hard to measure outcomes because we don't know how to don't have
enough resources
What does the business world use to measure performance? - ANSWER
Profits $$$$
What does the CJS use to measure performance? - ANSWER dec. recidivism
dec. public fear
dec. crime rates
*ALL difficult to measure
What does the contingency theory fail to explain? - ANSWER Why we still do
things despite ineffectiveness
What is D.A.R.E. an example of? - ANSWER Something we do despite not
being effective, part of the way we have always done things (INTERNAL),
contingency cannot explain bc it looks OUTWARD
What does Resource Dependence Theory say? - ANSWER -Organizations
constrained because of resources, not always capable of making choices to
improve the organization alone
T/F Resource Dependence theory is not applicable to CJS - ANSWER FALSE;
VERY applicable to CJS because largely constrained by our resources
Where do resources for CJS come from? - ANSWER -External factors;
dependent on taxpayers
Complete Solution
What is the focus of Human Relations Theory? - ANSWER ALL about the
workers (People Matter)
What is the assumption of HR theory? - ANSWER People can get satisfaction
from work when workers committed to organization and goals
T/F HR theory is very contrasting to classical theories - ANSWER TRUE;
(Classical believes in rules, hierarchy, and centralization = efficiency but HR
believes this doesn't have to be true)
If HR theory is accurate, what is not needed in an org.? - ANSWER Not
needed:
-high lvls of formalization
-accuracy
-centralization
BIG TAKEAWAY OF HR THEORY? - ANSWER -People matter!
-if people motivated = organizational efficiency
What makes an organization efficient in terms of HR theory? - ANSWER
Worker motivation
What should HR organizational structure be built around? - ANSWER
professional judgement
,What is professional judgement? - ANSWER let's people have discretion,
lower lvl decision making, workers using wider range of skills
T/F HR theory has lower horizontal complexity - ANSWER True; using wider
range of skills instead of specialization
What is this an example of) letting 1 attorney handle a lot instead of
specialized cases - ANSWER workers using wider range of skills in HR theory
4 Strengths of HR theory? - ANSWER 1. Produces more motivated workforce
2. lower lvl. of turnover
3. lower lvl of absenteeism
4. greater committment to job
2 Weaknesses of HR Theory? - ANSWER 1. viewed as overly simplistic
2. Satisfying workforce is not the main focus of most organizations
What is employee turnover? - ANSWER loss of employees who voluntarily
choose to leave the company
T/F Absenteeism is when employees miss work for planned vacations and
other commitments - ANSWER FALSE; absenteeism is last minute call offs
T/F higher rates of absenteeism in CJS is problematic - ANSWER TRUE; if
prison guards, LEA call off it can be dangerous especially because there is akr
a shortage of workers in these areas
Why do some researchers call HR theory "Cow Sociology"? - ANSWER They
are saying it doesn't account for many other variables, too simple
What is Cow Sociology? - ANSWER The principle that happy cows produce
,more milk. However, many other factors are at play that could affect milk
production
T/F HR theory is an open system perspective - ANSWER FALSE; HR is a closed
syste perspective along with classical theories
Do classical/HR apply well to CJS? - ANSWER No, because both closed system
perspectves and CJS is largely open.
Does HR theory look internally or externally? - ANSWER Looking internally
What are the 3 theories under open systems theory? (these apply to CJS) -
ANSWER 1. Contingency theory
2. Resource Dependence Theory
3.Institutional theory
T/F Contrary to Classical Theories, Human Relations theory assumes that
people can get satisfaction from their work and motivation is generated from
gratification that results from task accomplishment. - ANSWER True
Which of the following is not one of the three most common open system
theories we discussed in class? - ANSWER Human Relations
Does contingency theory look internally or externally? - ANSWER Look
Outside (externally)
What theory says ideal organizations depend or are contingent on external
factors that impact success/performance? - ANSWER Contingency theory
Strengths of Contingency theory? - ANSWER -Taking into account outside is
good and makes sense (rational)
Weaknesses of Contingency theory? - ANSWER -endless list of contingencies
, that could impact
-uncertainty; hard to predict
-Hard to measure outcomes because we don't know how to don't have
enough resources
What does the business world use to measure performance? - ANSWER
Profits $$$$
What does the CJS use to measure performance? - ANSWER dec. recidivism
dec. public fear
dec. crime rates
*ALL difficult to measure
What does the contingency theory fail to explain? - ANSWER Why we still do
things despite ineffectiveness
What is D.A.R.E. an example of? - ANSWER Something we do despite not
being effective, part of the way we have always done things (INTERNAL),
contingency cannot explain bc it looks OUTWARD
What does Resource Dependence Theory say? - ANSWER -Organizations
constrained because of resources, not always capable of making choices to
improve the organization alone
T/F Resource Dependence theory is not applicable to CJS - ANSWER FALSE;
VERY applicable to CJS because largely constrained by our resources
Where do resources for CJS come from? - ANSWER -External factors;
dependent on taxpayers
