TEST BANK h
A Concise Introduction to Logic
h h h h
14th Edition by HurleyChapter 1 to 14
h h h h h h h
TESTBANK h
,TABLEOFCONTENTS h h
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
h h h
1. Basic Concepts.
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Arguments,hPremises,handhConclusions.hExercise.hRecognizinghArguments.hExercise.hDeductionhandhInduction.hExercise.hValidity,hTruth,hSoundnes
Strength,hCogency.hExercise.hArgumenthForms:hProvinghInvalidity.hExercise.hExtendedhArguments.hExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
h h h h
VarietieshofhMeaning.hExercise.hThehIntensionhandhExtensionhofhTerms.hExercise.hDefinitionshandhTheirhPurposes.hExercise.hDefinitionalhTechnique
.hExercise.hCriteriah forhLexicalhDefinitions.h Exercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
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FallacieshinhGeneral.hExercise.hFallacieshofhRelevance.hExercise.hFallacieshofhWeakhInduction.hExercise.hFallacieshofhPresumption,hAmbiguity,han
IllicithTransference.hExercise.hFallacieshinhOrdinaryhLanguage.hExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
h h h
4. Categorical Propositions.
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Theh Componentsh ofh Categoricalh Propositions.h Exercise.h Quality,h Quantity,2andh Distribution.h Exercise.h Vennh Diagramsh andh theh Modernh Square
hOpposition.hExercise.hConversion,2 Obversion,handhContraposition.hExercise.hThehTraditionalhSquarehofhOpposition. hExercise.hVenn hDiagrams ha hn
hehTraditionalhStandpoint.hExercise.hTranslatinghOrdinaryhLanguagehStatementshintohCategoricalhForm.hExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
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StandardhForm,hMood,handhFigure.hExercise.hVennhDiagrams.hExercise.hRuleshandhFallacies.hExercise.hReducinghthehNumberhofhTerms.hExercise.
dinaryhLanguagehArguments.hExercise.hEnthymemes.hExercise.hSorites.hExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
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SymbolshandhTranslation.hExercise.hTruthhFunctions.hExercise.hTruthhTableshforhPropositions.hExercise.hTruthhTableshforhArguments.hExercise.hIndir
hTruthh Tables.hExercise.hArgumenthFormshandhFallacies.h Exercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
h h h h h
RuleshofhImplicationhI.hExercise.hRuleshofhImplicationhII.hExercise.hRuleshofhReplacementhI.hExercise.hRuleshofhReplacementhII.hExercise.hConditiona
oof.hExercise.hIndirecthProof.hExercise.hProvinghLogicalhTruths.hExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
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SymbolshandhTranslation.hExercise.hUsinghthehRuleshofhInference.hExercise.hQuantifierhNegationhRule.hExercise.hConditionalhandhIndirecthProof.hEhx
cise.hProvinghInvalidity.hExercise.hRelationalhPredicateshandhOverlappinghQuantifiers.hExercise.hIdentity.hExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
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9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
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AnalogicalhReasoning.hLegalhReasoning.hMoralhReasoning.hExercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
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,"Cause"handhNecessaryhandhSufficienthConditions.hMill'shFivehMethods.hMill'shMethodshandhScience.hExercise.
11. Probability.
h
Theoriesh ofh Probability.h Theh Probabilityh Calculus.h Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
h h
EvaluatinghStatistics.hSamples.hThehMeaninghofh"Average."hDispersion.hGraphshandhPictograms.hPercentages.hExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
h h
ThehHypotheticalhMethod.hHypotheticalhReasoning:hFourhExampleshfromhScience.hThehProofhofhHypotheses.hThehTentativehAcceptancehofhHypoth
ses.hExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
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DistinguishinghBetweenhSciencehandhSuperstition.hEvidentiaryhSupport.hObjectivity.hIntegrity.hAbusinghScience.hExercise.hAnsw
ershtohSelectedhExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
h h h
MULTIPLEhCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:hThehfollowinghselections2relatehtohdistinguishinghargumentshfromhnonargumentshan
dhidentifyinghconclusions.hSelecththehbesthanswerhforheach.
1. Therehappearshtohbehahgrowinghhappinesshgaphbetweenhmenhandhwomen.hWomenhtodayharehworkingh
morehandhrelaxinghless,hwhilehmenharehworkinghlesshandhrelaxinghmore.hFortyhyearshagohahtypicalhwom
anhspenth40hminuteshmorehperhweekhthanhthehtypicalhmanhperforminghanhactivityhconsideredhunpleasa
nt.hToday,hwithhmenhworkinghless,hthehgaphish90hminuteshandhgrowing.
a. Argument;hconclusion:hTodayh...hthehgaphish90hminuteshandhgrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;hconclusion:h Fortyh yearsh agoh ...hanhactivityhconsideredh unpleasant.
d. Argument;hconclusion:hTherehappearshtohbeh...hbetweenhmenhandhwomen.
e. Argument;hconclusion:hWomenhtodayharehworkinghmorehandhrelaxinghless.
ANS:h D PTS:h 2
2. Leadhishtoxic,hbuthdohyouhknowhwhy?hLeadhishtoxichmainlyhbecausehithpreferentiallyhreplaceshotherhmet
alshinhbiochemicalhreactions.hIn2sohdoinghit2interfereshwithhthehproteinshthathregulatehbloodhpressureh(whi
chhcanhcausehdevelopmenthdelayshinhchildrenhandhhighhbloodhpressurehinhadults),hhemehproductionh(whi
chhcanhleadhtohanemia),handhspermhproduction.hLeadhalsohdisplaceshcalciumhinhthehreactionshthathtrans
mithelectricalhimpulseshinhthehbrain,hwhichhdiminishes2thehabilityhtohthinkhandhrecallhinformation.
Anneh MariehHelmstine,h"Yourh Guidehtoh Chemistry"
a. Argument;hconclusion:hIthinterfereshwithhthehproteinsh...handhspermhproduction.
b. Argument;hconclusion:hLeadhishtoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;h conclusion:h It2preferentiallyh replacesh otherh metalsh inh biochemicalh reactions.
e. Argument;hconclusion:hLeadhalsohdisplaceshcalciumh...hrecallhinformation.
ANS:h C PTS:h 2
3. Aristotlehfocusedhonhclarifyinghthehconcepthofhvirtuehitself.hHeharguedhthat2ithwashvirtuoushtohchoosehtheh
properhamounthofhemotionhand/orhactionhcalledhforhinhahparticularhsituationhandhthathextremeshofhem
otionhandhactionhwerehvices.hInhallhcommunitieshthereharehsomehmenhofhpracticalhwisdomhwhohhavehtheh
capacityhtohjudgehwisely.hAristotleharguedhthaththeyhhavehthehcapacityhtohfollowhtheh"righthrule"hwhat
everhthehsituation.
DavidhCooper,hValuehPluralismhandhEthicalhChoice
a. Argument;hconclusion:hInhallhcommunitiesh...hcapacityhtohjudgehwisely.
b. Argument;h conclusion:h Aristotleh focusedhonhclarifyinghtheh concepth ofh virtueh itself.
c. Argument;hconclusion:hTheyhhavehthehcapacityhtohfollowh...hthehsituation.
d. Argument;hconclusion:hHeharguedhthathithwashvirtuoush...hwerehvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:h E PTS:h 2
4. Illegalhimmigrantshpayhlocalhsaleshtaxes,handhmanyhofhthemhalsohpayhstate,hlocal,handhfederalhincomehtaxh
andhSocialhSecurityhtax.hTheyhalsohpurchasehitemshfromhlocalhmerchants,hincreasinghthehamount2thesehme
rchantshpayhinhtaxes.hInhaddition,htheyhworkhforhlowhsalaries,hwhichhincreaseshthehearningshofhtheirhemplo
yershandhthehamounthofhtaxeshthesehemployershpay.hThus,hithishnothcorrecthtohsayhthathillegalhimmigrantshc
ontributehnothinghtohthehcommunitieshinhwhichhtheyhlive.
a. Argument;hconclusion:hIthishnothcorrecthtohsayh...hcommunitieshinhwhichhtheyhlive.
1
A Concise Introduction to Logic
h h h h
14th Edition by HurleyChapter 1 to 14
h h h h h h h
TESTBANK h
,TABLEOFCONTENTS h h
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
h h h
1. Basic Concepts.
h h
Arguments,hPremises,handhConclusions.hExercise.hRecognizinghArguments.hExercise.hDeductionhandhInduction.hExercise.hValidity,hTruth,hSoundnes
Strength,hCogency.hExercise.hArgumenthForms:hProvinghInvalidity.hExercise.hExtendedhArguments.hExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
h h h h
VarietieshofhMeaning.hExercise.hThehIntensionhandhExtensionhofhTerms.hExercise.hDefinitionshandhTheirhPurposes.hExercise.hDefinitionalhTechnique
.hExercise.hCriteriah forhLexicalhDefinitions.h Exercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
h h
FallacieshinhGeneral.hExercise.hFallacieshofhRelevance.hExercise.hFallacieshofhWeakhInduction.hExercise.hFallacieshofhPresumption,hAmbiguity,han
IllicithTransference.hExercise.hFallacieshinhOrdinaryhLanguage.hExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
h h h
4. Categorical Propositions.
h h
Theh Componentsh ofh Categoricalh Propositions.h Exercise.h Quality,h Quantity,2andh Distribution.h Exercise.h Vennh Diagramsh andh theh Modernh Square
hOpposition.hExercise.hConversion,2 Obversion,handhContraposition.hExercise.hThehTraditionalhSquarehofhOpposition. hExercise.hVenn hDiagrams ha hn
hehTraditionalhStandpoint.hExercise.hTranslatinghOrdinaryhLanguagehStatementshintohCategoricalhForm.hExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
h h
StandardhForm,hMood,handhFigure.hExercise.hVennhDiagrams.hExercise.hRuleshandhFallacies.hExercise.hReducinghthehNumberhofhTerms.hExercise.
dinaryhLanguagehArguments.hExercise.hEnthymemes.hExercise.hSorites.hExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
h h
SymbolshandhTranslation.hExercise.hTruthhFunctions.hExercise.hTruthhTableshforhPropositions.hExercise.hTruthhTableshforhArguments.hExercise.hIndir
hTruthh Tables.hExercise.hArgumenthFormshandhFallacies.h Exercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
h h h h h
RuleshofhImplicationhI.hExercise.hRuleshofhImplicationhII.hExercise.hRuleshofhReplacementhI.hExercise.hRuleshofhReplacementhII.hExercise.hConditiona
oof.hExercise.hIndirecthProof.hExercise.hProvinghLogicalhTruths.hExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
h h
SymbolshandhTranslation.hExercise.hUsinghthehRuleshofhInference.hExercise.hQuantifierhNegationhRule.hExercise.hConditionalhandhIndirecthProof.hEhx
cise.hProvinghInvalidity.hExercise.hRelationalhPredicateshandhOverlappinghQuantifiers.hExercise.hIdentity.hExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
h h h
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
h h h h h h
AnalogicalhReasoning.hLegalhReasoning.hMoralhReasoning.hExercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
h h h h
,"Cause"handhNecessaryhandhSufficienthConditions.hMill'shFivehMethods.hMill'shMethodshandhScience.hExercise.
11. Probability.
h
Theoriesh ofh Probability.h Theh Probabilityh Calculus.h Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
h h
EvaluatinghStatistics.hSamples.hThehMeaninghofh"Average."hDispersion.hGraphshandhPictograms.hPercentages.hExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
h h
ThehHypotheticalhMethod.hHypotheticalhReasoning:hFourhExampleshfromhScience.hThehProofhofhHypotheses.hThehTentativehAcceptancehofhHypoth
ses.hExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
h h h
DistinguishinghBetweenhSciencehandhSuperstition.hEvidentiaryhSupport.hObjectivity.hIntegrity.hAbusinghScience.hExercise.hAnsw
ershtohSelectedhExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
h h h
MULTIPLEhCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:hThehfollowinghselections2relatehtohdistinguishinghargumentshfromhnonargumentshan
dhidentifyinghconclusions.hSelecththehbesthanswerhforheach.
1. Therehappearshtohbehahgrowinghhappinesshgaphbetweenhmenhandhwomen.hWomenhtodayharehworkingh
morehandhrelaxinghless,hwhilehmenharehworkinghlesshandhrelaxinghmore.hFortyhyearshagohahtypicalhwom
anhspenth40hminuteshmorehperhweekhthanhthehtypicalhmanhperforminghanhactivityhconsideredhunpleasa
nt.hToday,hwithhmenhworkinghless,hthehgaphish90hminuteshandhgrowing.
a. Argument;hconclusion:hTodayh...hthehgaphish90hminuteshandhgrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;hconclusion:h Fortyh yearsh agoh ...hanhactivityhconsideredh unpleasant.
d. Argument;hconclusion:hTherehappearshtohbeh...hbetweenhmenhandhwomen.
e. Argument;hconclusion:hWomenhtodayharehworkinghmorehandhrelaxinghless.
ANS:h D PTS:h 2
2. Leadhishtoxic,hbuthdohyouhknowhwhy?hLeadhishtoxichmainlyhbecausehithpreferentiallyhreplaceshotherhmet
alshinhbiochemicalhreactions.hIn2sohdoinghit2interfereshwithhthehproteinshthathregulatehbloodhpressureh(whi
chhcanhcausehdevelopmenthdelayshinhchildrenhandhhighhbloodhpressurehinhadults),hhemehproductionh(whi
chhcanhleadhtohanemia),handhspermhproduction.hLeadhalsohdisplaceshcalciumhinhthehreactionshthathtrans
mithelectricalhimpulseshinhthehbrain,hwhichhdiminishes2thehabilityhtohthinkhandhrecallhinformation.
Anneh MariehHelmstine,h"Yourh Guidehtoh Chemistry"
a. Argument;hconclusion:hIthinterfereshwithhthehproteinsh...handhspermhproduction.
b. Argument;hconclusion:hLeadhishtoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;h conclusion:h It2preferentiallyh replacesh otherh metalsh inh biochemicalh reactions.
e. Argument;hconclusion:hLeadhalsohdisplaceshcalciumh...hrecallhinformation.
ANS:h C PTS:h 2
3. Aristotlehfocusedhonhclarifyinghthehconcepthofhvirtuehitself.hHeharguedhthat2ithwashvirtuoushtohchoosehtheh
properhamounthofhemotionhand/orhactionhcalledhforhinhahparticularhsituationhandhthathextremeshofhem
otionhandhactionhwerehvices.hInhallhcommunitieshthereharehsomehmenhofhpracticalhwisdomhwhohhavehtheh
capacityhtohjudgehwisely.hAristotleharguedhthaththeyhhavehthehcapacityhtohfollowhtheh"righthrule"hwhat
everhthehsituation.
DavidhCooper,hValuehPluralismhandhEthicalhChoice
a. Argument;hconclusion:hInhallhcommunitiesh...hcapacityhtohjudgehwisely.
b. Argument;h conclusion:h Aristotleh focusedhonhclarifyinghtheh concepth ofh virtueh itself.
c. Argument;hconclusion:hTheyhhavehthehcapacityhtohfollowh...hthehsituation.
d. Argument;hconclusion:hHeharguedhthathithwashvirtuoush...hwerehvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:h E PTS:h 2
4. Illegalhimmigrantshpayhlocalhsaleshtaxes,handhmanyhofhthemhalsohpayhstate,hlocal,handhfederalhincomehtaxh
andhSocialhSecurityhtax.hTheyhalsohpurchasehitemshfromhlocalhmerchants,hincreasinghthehamount2thesehme
rchantshpayhinhtaxes.hInhaddition,htheyhworkhforhlowhsalaries,hwhichhincreaseshthehearningshofhtheirhemplo
yershandhthehamounthofhtaxeshthesehemployershpay.hThus,hithishnothcorrecthtohsayhthathillegalhimmigrantshc
ontributehnothinghtohthehcommunitieshinhwhichhtheyhlive.
a. Argument;hconclusion:hIthishnothcorrecthtohsayh...hcommunitieshinhwhichhtheyhlive.
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