PCOL Prelims Exam with Accurate
Solutions
recognized in official pharmcop & formularies/ intended for use in diagnosis, cure or
treat, mitigation, prevent disease/ other than food that affect struc of any function of the
body - correct answer-drug
Achieve a desired beneficial effect with minimal adverse effects
balance eff & tox
A rational approach combines the principles of pharmacokinetics with
pharmacodynamics to understand the dose-effect relationship - correct answer-Goal of
Therapeutics
Along a concentration gradient (higher to lower concentration)• No energy expenditure•
Diffusion rate also depends on small fat unan - correct answer-passive diffusion
A carrier molecule combines with the drug outside the cell membrane
Carrier-drug complex diffuses across the membrane
Along a concentration gradient
No energy expenditure
Can be saturated - correct answer-Facilitated Diffusion
Selective transport using specific carrier proteins
Against a concentration gradient
Requires energy expenditure
Can be saturated - correct answer-Active Transport
Fluids or particles are engulfed by the cell.
Requires energy expenditure.
phago & pino - correct answer-Endocytosis
, Refers to the extent and rate at which the active moiety (drug or metabolite) enters
systemic circulation, thereby accessing the site of action - correct answer-Bioavailability
Contain the same active compound in the same amount and meet current official
standards - correct answer-Chemical Equivalence
When given to the same patient in the same dosage regimen →equivalent
concentrations of drug in plasma and tissues - correct answer-Bioequivalence
When given to the samepatient in the samedosage regimen → sametherapeutic and
adverseeffects - correct answer-Therapeutic Equivalence
Theoretical volume of fluid into which the total drug administered would have to be
diluted to produce the concentration in plasma
Provides a reference for the plasma concentration expected for a given dose
Depends on the degree of plasma protein and tissue binding - correct answer-Volume
of Distribution
aka Biotransformation
Generally converts drugs into water-soluble, less toxic and inactive metabolites - correct
answer-Metabolism
an inactive or weakly active substance that has an active metabolite - correct answer-
Prodrug
Presystemic metabolism or first pass effect
Phenomenon where drugs are metabolized following absorption but before reaching the
systemic circulation - correct answer-First Pass Metabolism
Conversion to a polar metabolite by introducing or unmasking a functional group
oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis - correct answer-Phase I (Functionalization)
Conjugation with an endogenous substance
glucuronidation, sulfate conjugation, acetylation - correct answer-Phase II(Conjugation)
Mixed function oxidases
Most important enzyme system of Phase I metabolism
Solutions
recognized in official pharmcop & formularies/ intended for use in diagnosis, cure or
treat, mitigation, prevent disease/ other than food that affect struc of any function of the
body - correct answer-drug
Achieve a desired beneficial effect with minimal adverse effects
balance eff & tox
A rational approach combines the principles of pharmacokinetics with
pharmacodynamics to understand the dose-effect relationship - correct answer-Goal of
Therapeutics
Along a concentration gradient (higher to lower concentration)• No energy expenditure•
Diffusion rate also depends on small fat unan - correct answer-passive diffusion
A carrier molecule combines with the drug outside the cell membrane
Carrier-drug complex diffuses across the membrane
Along a concentration gradient
No energy expenditure
Can be saturated - correct answer-Facilitated Diffusion
Selective transport using specific carrier proteins
Against a concentration gradient
Requires energy expenditure
Can be saturated - correct answer-Active Transport
Fluids or particles are engulfed by the cell.
Requires energy expenditure.
phago & pino - correct answer-Endocytosis
, Refers to the extent and rate at which the active moiety (drug or metabolite) enters
systemic circulation, thereby accessing the site of action - correct answer-Bioavailability
Contain the same active compound in the same amount and meet current official
standards - correct answer-Chemical Equivalence
When given to the same patient in the same dosage regimen →equivalent
concentrations of drug in plasma and tissues - correct answer-Bioequivalence
When given to the samepatient in the samedosage regimen → sametherapeutic and
adverseeffects - correct answer-Therapeutic Equivalence
Theoretical volume of fluid into which the total drug administered would have to be
diluted to produce the concentration in plasma
Provides a reference for the plasma concentration expected for a given dose
Depends on the degree of plasma protein and tissue binding - correct answer-Volume
of Distribution
aka Biotransformation
Generally converts drugs into water-soluble, less toxic and inactive metabolites - correct
answer-Metabolism
an inactive or weakly active substance that has an active metabolite - correct answer-
Prodrug
Presystemic metabolism or first pass effect
Phenomenon where drugs are metabolized following absorption but before reaching the
systemic circulation - correct answer-First Pass Metabolism
Conversion to a polar metabolite by introducing or unmasking a functional group
oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis - correct answer-Phase I (Functionalization)
Conjugation with an endogenous substance
glucuronidation, sulfate conjugation, acetylation - correct answer-Phase II(Conjugation)
Mixed function oxidases
Most important enzyme system of Phase I metabolism
