Pcol Exam #4 with Complete Solutions
_________ enzymes and the ______ of nutrients contribute to the liver's susceptibility
to toxicity - correct answer-biotransformation, uptake
the portal triad includes these 3 things - correct answer-hepatic artery, portal vein, bile
duct
the hepatic artery brings blood from the _______ to the ______ - correct answer-heart,
liver
the portal vein brings blood from the _______ to the ___________ - correct answer-
intestines, liver
phase ____ of biotransformation includes oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis - correct
answer-1
phase ___ of biotransformation includes conjugation; sulfation, glucoronidation,
acetylation, glutathiolation - correct answer-2
phase ___ of biotransformation includes specialized transporters - correct answer-3
_________ is the process by which a prodrug is converted into the drug - correct
answer-activation
biotransformation can enhance the drug, leading to possible _________, or _________
the drug. - correct answer-toxicity, antagonize
where are the biotransformation enzymes located? - correct answer-portals of entry and
exit
biotransformation cells are prominent in _______ cells - correct answer-epithelial
biotransformation enzymes are prominent in the _______ and _______ - correct
answer-liver, kidney
first pass detoxification at the sites of drug entry is called ___________ ___________ -
correct answer-presystemic metabolism
enzymes are highly distributed in the __________ region of the hepatic lobule - correct
answer-periportal
, unique subcelluar distribution of enzymes is in the _____ and ________ - correct
answer-SER, cytosol
enterohepatic cycling is when ________ drugs get re-absorbed. this _________ levels
of drug in the blood - correct answer-hydrolyzed, prolongs
enterohepatic cycling is an advantage for toxicology in which certain poisons can be
trapped in the intestine by _________ __________ that aids in their removal - correct
answer-nonabsorbable resin
intermediate metabolism is also known as ____________ ____________ - correct
answer-glucose homeostasis
in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, rat poison repleaces acetate with ___________ - correct
answer-fluoroacetate
fluoroacetate from rat poison blocks the enzyme that converts citrate to _____________
- correct answer-isocitrate
the antidote for fluoroacetate is giving copious amounts of __________ IV - correct
answer-ethanol
excess ethanol will replace ___________ in the TCA - correct answer-fluoroethanol
liver disease varies among _____ and with the SEVERITY of injury. - correct answer-
CYPs
both _______ and _______ differences affect drug metabolism between humans -
correct answer-racial, ethnic
xenobiotic enzyme induction is directly related to ______s - correct answer-DDI
an example of xenobiotic enzyme induction includes terfenadine that is metabolized by
CYP3A4 and causes ________ _______ when given with erythromycin or
ketoconazole. the primary metabolite of this drug is FEXOFENADINE (allegra) - correct
answer-cardiac failure
enzyme induction causes _______ plasma levels, metabolic __________ and _______
half-life - correct answer-decreased, tolerance, decreased
free radical attack manifests as lipid __________ or oxidative stress - correct answer-
peroxidation
oxidative injury targets these two things - correct answer-lipids, proteins
_________ enzymes and the ______ of nutrients contribute to the liver's susceptibility
to toxicity - correct answer-biotransformation, uptake
the portal triad includes these 3 things - correct answer-hepatic artery, portal vein, bile
duct
the hepatic artery brings blood from the _______ to the ______ - correct answer-heart,
liver
the portal vein brings blood from the _______ to the ___________ - correct answer-
intestines, liver
phase ____ of biotransformation includes oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis - correct
answer-1
phase ___ of biotransformation includes conjugation; sulfation, glucoronidation,
acetylation, glutathiolation - correct answer-2
phase ___ of biotransformation includes specialized transporters - correct answer-3
_________ is the process by which a prodrug is converted into the drug - correct
answer-activation
biotransformation can enhance the drug, leading to possible _________, or _________
the drug. - correct answer-toxicity, antagonize
where are the biotransformation enzymes located? - correct answer-portals of entry and
exit
biotransformation cells are prominent in _______ cells - correct answer-epithelial
biotransformation enzymes are prominent in the _______ and _______ - correct
answer-liver, kidney
first pass detoxification at the sites of drug entry is called ___________ ___________ -
correct answer-presystemic metabolism
enzymes are highly distributed in the __________ region of the hepatic lobule - correct
answer-periportal
, unique subcelluar distribution of enzymes is in the _____ and ________ - correct
answer-SER, cytosol
enterohepatic cycling is when ________ drugs get re-absorbed. this _________ levels
of drug in the blood - correct answer-hydrolyzed, prolongs
enterohepatic cycling is an advantage for toxicology in which certain poisons can be
trapped in the intestine by _________ __________ that aids in their removal - correct
answer-nonabsorbable resin
intermediate metabolism is also known as ____________ ____________ - correct
answer-glucose homeostasis
in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, rat poison repleaces acetate with ___________ - correct
answer-fluoroacetate
fluoroacetate from rat poison blocks the enzyme that converts citrate to _____________
- correct answer-isocitrate
the antidote for fluoroacetate is giving copious amounts of __________ IV - correct
answer-ethanol
excess ethanol will replace ___________ in the TCA - correct answer-fluoroethanol
liver disease varies among _____ and with the SEVERITY of injury. - correct answer-
CYPs
both _______ and _______ differences affect drug metabolism between humans -
correct answer-racial, ethnic
xenobiotic enzyme induction is directly related to ______s - correct answer-DDI
an example of xenobiotic enzyme induction includes terfenadine that is metabolized by
CYP3A4 and causes ________ _______ when given with erythromycin or
ketoconazole. the primary metabolite of this drug is FEXOFENADINE (allegra) - correct
answer-cardiac failure
enzyme induction causes _______ plasma levels, metabolic __________ and _______
half-life - correct answer-decreased, tolerance, decreased
free radical attack manifests as lipid __________ or oxidative stress - correct answer-
peroxidation
oxidative injury targets these two things - correct answer-lipids, proteins
