Lecture 1 PCOL 406 Exam with Complete
Solutions
what does ADME stand for? - correct answer-absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
What does absorption mean? - correct answer-the movement of drug from
administration to the bloodstream
what is the rate and extent of absorption dependent on? - correct answer-physical
characteristics of the drug and its formulation
What does distribution mean? - correct answer-the process of a drug leaving the blood
stream and being distributed throughout the body, into organs and tissues
what is biotransformation also known as? - correct answer-metabolism
what does metabolism mean? - correct answer-the process of converting a drug to one
or more metabolites
what is the primary organ involved in metabolism? - correct answer-liver
what is excretion? - correct answer-the removal of a drug or its metabolites from the
body
what is the main organ involved in excretion? - correct answer-kidney
what does elimination mean - correct answer-processes of metabolism and excretion
combined
what are the different ways that oral drugs can be absorbed - correct answer-
transporters, transcytosis, tight junctions (not the brain)
what is the most common way that drugs are absorbed across biologic barriers? -
correct answer-passive diffusion
What is Frick's Law? - correct answer-the rate of absorption is proportional to the drug
concentration gradient across the barrier and the surface area available for absorption
at that site
, what is lipid diffusion? - correct answer-the process by which the drug dissolves in the
lipid components of the cell membranes
what is lipid diffusion facilitated by? - correct answer-a high degree of lipid solubility of
the drug
aqueous diffusion occurs by passage through what? - correct answer-aqueous pores in
cell membrane
what is aqueous diffusion restricted by? - correct answer-large molecular weights
is it non-ionized or ionized forms of drugs sufficiently soluble in membrane lipids to
cross cell membrane - correct answer-non-ionized
for weak acids are protonated form (HA) non-ionized or ionized? - correct answer-non-
ionized
for weak base are protonated form (HB) non-ionized or ionized? - correct answer-
ionized
what influences the rate of absorption and a factor in distribution and elimination? -
correct answer-the ratio of the two forms at a particular site
what is ion trapping used for? - correct answer-isolating a drug in a specific place
What can the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation be used for? - correct answer-
determine the ratio of the two forms (reactant and product of weak base/acid). Which
will tell you which protonated form is more predominate
what is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation ? - correct answer-log
(protonated/nonprotonated) = pKa - pH
if amphetamine (weak base) has a PKA of 10 and PH of 8 what is the ratio? - correct
answer-100/1
what does it mean if the pH is equal to the PKa? - correct answer-there are equal
amounts of the protonated and non-protonated forms present
if the pH is less than PKa which form is predominates? - correct answer-protonated
if the pH is greater than the PKa which form is predominate? - correct answer-the non-
protonated
are most drugs uniformly distributed throughout total body water? - correct answer-no
Solutions
what does ADME stand for? - correct answer-absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
What does absorption mean? - correct answer-the movement of drug from
administration to the bloodstream
what is the rate and extent of absorption dependent on? - correct answer-physical
characteristics of the drug and its formulation
What does distribution mean? - correct answer-the process of a drug leaving the blood
stream and being distributed throughout the body, into organs and tissues
what is biotransformation also known as? - correct answer-metabolism
what does metabolism mean? - correct answer-the process of converting a drug to one
or more metabolites
what is the primary organ involved in metabolism? - correct answer-liver
what is excretion? - correct answer-the removal of a drug or its metabolites from the
body
what is the main organ involved in excretion? - correct answer-kidney
what does elimination mean - correct answer-processes of metabolism and excretion
combined
what are the different ways that oral drugs can be absorbed - correct answer-
transporters, transcytosis, tight junctions (not the brain)
what is the most common way that drugs are absorbed across biologic barriers? -
correct answer-passive diffusion
What is Frick's Law? - correct answer-the rate of absorption is proportional to the drug
concentration gradient across the barrier and the surface area available for absorption
at that site
, what is lipid diffusion? - correct answer-the process by which the drug dissolves in the
lipid components of the cell membranes
what is lipid diffusion facilitated by? - correct answer-a high degree of lipid solubility of
the drug
aqueous diffusion occurs by passage through what? - correct answer-aqueous pores in
cell membrane
what is aqueous diffusion restricted by? - correct answer-large molecular weights
is it non-ionized or ionized forms of drugs sufficiently soluble in membrane lipids to
cross cell membrane - correct answer-non-ionized
for weak acids are protonated form (HA) non-ionized or ionized? - correct answer-non-
ionized
for weak base are protonated form (HB) non-ionized or ionized? - correct answer-
ionized
what influences the rate of absorption and a factor in distribution and elimination? -
correct answer-the ratio of the two forms at a particular site
what is ion trapping used for? - correct answer-isolating a drug in a specific place
What can the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation be used for? - correct answer-
determine the ratio of the two forms (reactant and product of weak base/acid). Which
will tell you which protonated form is more predominate
what is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation ? - correct answer-log
(protonated/nonprotonated) = pKa - pH
if amphetamine (weak base) has a PKA of 10 and PH of 8 what is the ratio? - correct
answer-100/1
what does it mean if the pH is equal to the PKa? - correct answer-there are equal
amounts of the protonated and non-protonated forms present
if the pH is less than PKa which form is predominates? - correct answer-protonated
if the pH is greater than the PKa which form is predominate? - correct answer-the non-
protonated
are most drugs uniformly distributed throughout total body water? - correct answer-no
