K
C
LO
PATH MIDTERM 2 EXAM
YC
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
D
DETAILED / VERIFIED
U
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
ST
,Nociceptive Pain - ANS pain receptors in the PNS being stimulated by mechanical, thermal or
chemical means
Pain Threshold - ANS lowest intensity of pain that a person recognizes
Pain Tolerance - ANS greatest intensity of pain that can be endured
Acute Pain - ANS protective mechanism and sudden onset. Warning of an actual or impending
tissue injury
K
- Presents as increased HR, HTN, diaphoresis and anxiety
Somatic Pain - ANS occurs in connective tissue, muscle, bone and skin
C
Visceral Pain - ANS pain in internal organs and lining of body cavities associated with nausea,
vomiting and restlessness
LO
Referred Pain - ANS occurs in an area distant from the point of region
- Visceral sensory fibers enter the spinal cord along with sensory fibers from another point in the
body → fibers converge → carry signals to the cerebral cortex
YC
Persistent Pain (Chronic Pain) - ANS pain lasting longer than 3 months and may be persistent.
Onset can be sudden or develop insidiously
- Leads to physiological adaptation & behavioural and psychological changes
D
Neuralgia - ANS pain in the distribution of a nerve
Neuropathic Pain - ANS pain caused by a lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system
U
Phantom Limb Pain - ANS neuropathic pain from nerve trauma or disease
- Occurs in patients who had pain prior to amputation
ST
- Cause:
• Hyperactivity of peripheral nerves
• Scar tissue
• Neuroma formation
Myofascial Pain - ANS pain and inflammation in the fascia that covers muscles due to injury
and spams (chronic condition)
Thermoregulation - ANS process that allows your body to maintain its core internal
temperature mediated by the hypothalamus and endocrine system
, How does aging affect thermoregulation? - ANS - Decreased shivering
- Slowed BMR
- Decreased sweating
- Slowed blood circulation
- Changes to the skin
- Decreased heat producing activities
Mechanism of Heat Loss - ANS - Autonomic Nervous system:
• Evaporation & vasodilation
- Relation to environmental temperature:
K
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection - transfer liquids/gases through the air from a warmer environment to a cooler
C
environment
Mechanism of Heat Conservation - ANS - Vasoconstriction by sympathetic nervous system
LO
Ex: dressing in layers helps with heat conservation as it traps heat in
Fever - ANS temporary response to either endogenous or exogenous pyrogens
YC
- Hypothalamus & Brainstem Cause:
• Increased heat production & conservation
• Peripheral vasoconstriction
• Epinephrine release
How does fever effect older adults & infants? - ANS - Older Adults
D
• Limited fever response to infection
• May lead to increased morbidity & mortality
- Infants
U
• Inability to shiver
• High temps can occur in mild infections
• May develop febrile seizures
ST
Hyperthermia - ANS increased body temperature without hypothalamus trigger.
- Can lead to nerve damage, convulsions & death
Heat Cramps - ANS heat illness due to muscle spasms from loss of large amount of salt and
water through exercise
Heat Exhaustion - ANS result of body overheating
- S/S: dizziness, headache, heat sweating, paleness, muscle cramps
C
LO
PATH MIDTERM 2 EXAM
YC
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
D
DETAILED / VERIFIED
U
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
ST
,Nociceptive Pain - ANS pain receptors in the PNS being stimulated by mechanical, thermal or
chemical means
Pain Threshold - ANS lowest intensity of pain that a person recognizes
Pain Tolerance - ANS greatest intensity of pain that can be endured
Acute Pain - ANS protective mechanism and sudden onset. Warning of an actual or impending
tissue injury
K
- Presents as increased HR, HTN, diaphoresis and anxiety
Somatic Pain - ANS occurs in connective tissue, muscle, bone and skin
C
Visceral Pain - ANS pain in internal organs and lining of body cavities associated with nausea,
vomiting and restlessness
LO
Referred Pain - ANS occurs in an area distant from the point of region
- Visceral sensory fibers enter the spinal cord along with sensory fibers from another point in the
body → fibers converge → carry signals to the cerebral cortex
YC
Persistent Pain (Chronic Pain) - ANS pain lasting longer than 3 months and may be persistent.
Onset can be sudden or develop insidiously
- Leads to physiological adaptation & behavioural and psychological changes
D
Neuralgia - ANS pain in the distribution of a nerve
Neuropathic Pain - ANS pain caused by a lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system
U
Phantom Limb Pain - ANS neuropathic pain from nerve trauma or disease
- Occurs in patients who had pain prior to amputation
ST
- Cause:
• Hyperactivity of peripheral nerves
• Scar tissue
• Neuroma formation
Myofascial Pain - ANS pain and inflammation in the fascia that covers muscles due to injury
and spams (chronic condition)
Thermoregulation - ANS process that allows your body to maintain its core internal
temperature mediated by the hypothalamus and endocrine system
, How does aging affect thermoregulation? - ANS - Decreased shivering
- Slowed BMR
- Decreased sweating
- Slowed blood circulation
- Changes to the skin
- Decreased heat producing activities
Mechanism of Heat Loss - ANS - Autonomic Nervous system:
• Evaporation & vasodilation
- Relation to environmental temperature:
K
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection - transfer liquids/gases through the air from a warmer environment to a cooler
C
environment
Mechanism of Heat Conservation - ANS - Vasoconstriction by sympathetic nervous system
LO
Ex: dressing in layers helps with heat conservation as it traps heat in
Fever - ANS temporary response to either endogenous or exogenous pyrogens
YC
- Hypothalamus & Brainstem Cause:
• Increased heat production & conservation
• Peripheral vasoconstriction
• Epinephrine release
How does fever effect older adults & infants? - ANS - Older Adults
D
• Limited fever response to infection
• May lead to increased morbidity & mortality
- Infants
U
• Inability to shiver
• High temps can occur in mild infections
• May develop febrile seizures
ST
Hyperthermia - ANS increased body temperature without hypothalamus trigger.
- Can lead to nerve damage, convulsions & death
Heat Cramps - ANS heat illness due to muscle spasms from loss of large amount of salt and
water through exercise
Heat Exhaustion - ANS result of body overheating
- S/S: dizziness, headache, heat sweating, paleness, muscle cramps
