Chapter 13 - Microbiology: A Systems
Approach, 5th ed - Cowan and Smith (
Test Bank )
Acute infections - CORRECT ANSWERS-Infections that come on rapidly, with severe
but short-lived effects.
Chronic infections - CORRECT ANSWERS-Infections that progress and persist over a
long period of time
Signs of infection - CORRECT ANSWERS-Objective, measurable, evidence of disease
as noted by observers, i.e. fever, swollen lymph nodes, antibodies in serum, or chest
sounds
Symptoms of infection - CORRECT ANSWERS-Subjective, non-measurable, evidence
of disease as sensed by a patient, i.e. pain, fatigue, headache, nausea
Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-A disease that can be identified or defined by a
certain complex of signs and symptoms
Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS-The nonspecific response of the body to any
disruption or infection
Calor - CORRECT ANSWERS-Warmth that occurs at the site of infection from
inflammation
Dolor - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pain that occurs at the site of infection from
inflammation
Rubor - CORRECT ANSWERS-Redness that occurs at the site of infection from
inflammation
Tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS-Swelling that occurs at the site of infection from
inflammation
Leukocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-An increase in the level of white blood cells
Leukopenia - CORRECT ANSWERS-A decrease in the level of white blood cells
Septicemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-An infection in the blood
, Subclinical or inapparent infection - CORRECT ANSWERS-An infection that does not
cause signs or symptoms in the host. Because there are no signs or symptoms, the
person often does not seek care but may still be contagious
Portal of exit - CORRECT ANSWERS-The way the pathogen is shed from the body and
spread to the next host, i.e. through secretion, excretion, discharge, or sloughed tissue
Latency - CORRECT ANSWERS-After the initial symptoms in certain chronic infectious
diseases, the infectious agent retreats into a dormant state
Sequelae - CORRECT ANSWERS-Long-term or permanent damage to tissues or
organs
Incubation period - CORRECT ANSWERS-The first phase of infection, the time from
initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms
Prodromal stage - CORRECT ANSWERS-The second phase of infection, when the
earliest notable symptoms appear
Period of invasion - CORRECT ANSWERS-The third phase of infection, when the
microbe multiplies at high levels, exhibits great virulence, and more specific signs and
symptoms appear
Convalescent period - CORRECT ANSWERS-The fourth phase of infection, when the
symptoms decline due to the infection diminishing
Continuation phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-A fifth possible phase of infection, where
the organism persists long after the patient returns to health, or where the symptoms
persist long after the organism is gone
Reservoir - CORRECT ANSWERS-The primary habitat in the natural world from which
a pathogen originates, i.e. soil, water, or human or animal carriers - the reservoir can be
but is not always the source of infection
Source - CORRECT ANSWERS-The individual or object from which an infection is
actually required, i.e. contaminated food, human carriers - the source is always a
reservoir for the organism
Carrier - CORRECT ANSWERS-An individual who inconspicuously shelters a pathogen
and can spread it to others without knowing
Asymptomatic carrier - CORRECT ANSWERS-An individual who shows no symptoms
of infection
Incubating carrier - CORRECT ANSWERS-An individual who can spread an infectious
agent during the incubation period, before symptoms appear
Approach, 5th ed - Cowan and Smith (
Test Bank )
Acute infections - CORRECT ANSWERS-Infections that come on rapidly, with severe
but short-lived effects.
Chronic infections - CORRECT ANSWERS-Infections that progress and persist over a
long period of time
Signs of infection - CORRECT ANSWERS-Objective, measurable, evidence of disease
as noted by observers, i.e. fever, swollen lymph nodes, antibodies in serum, or chest
sounds
Symptoms of infection - CORRECT ANSWERS-Subjective, non-measurable, evidence
of disease as sensed by a patient, i.e. pain, fatigue, headache, nausea
Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-A disease that can be identified or defined by a
certain complex of signs and symptoms
Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS-The nonspecific response of the body to any
disruption or infection
Calor - CORRECT ANSWERS-Warmth that occurs at the site of infection from
inflammation
Dolor - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pain that occurs at the site of infection from
inflammation
Rubor - CORRECT ANSWERS-Redness that occurs at the site of infection from
inflammation
Tumor - CORRECT ANSWERS-Swelling that occurs at the site of infection from
inflammation
Leukocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-An increase in the level of white blood cells
Leukopenia - CORRECT ANSWERS-A decrease in the level of white blood cells
Septicemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-An infection in the blood
, Subclinical or inapparent infection - CORRECT ANSWERS-An infection that does not
cause signs or symptoms in the host. Because there are no signs or symptoms, the
person often does not seek care but may still be contagious
Portal of exit - CORRECT ANSWERS-The way the pathogen is shed from the body and
spread to the next host, i.e. through secretion, excretion, discharge, or sloughed tissue
Latency - CORRECT ANSWERS-After the initial symptoms in certain chronic infectious
diseases, the infectious agent retreats into a dormant state
Sequelae - CORRECT ANSWERS-Long-term or permanent damage to tissues or
organs
Incubation period - CORRECT ANSWERS-The first phase of infection, the time from
initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms
Prodromal stage - CORRECT ANSWERS-The second phase of infection, when the
earliest notable symptoms appear
Period of invasion - CORRECT ANSWERS-The third phase of infection, when the
microbe multiplies at high levels, exhibits great virulence, and more specific signs and
symptoms appear
Convalescent period - CORRECT ANSWERS-The fourth phase of infection, when the
symptoms decline due to the infection diminishing
Continuation phase - CORRECT ANSWERS-A fifth possible phase of infection, where
the organism persists long after the patient returns to health, or where the symptoms
persist long after the organism is gone
Reservoir - CORRECT ANSWERS-The primary habitat in the natural world from which
a pathogen originates, i.e. soil, water, or human or animal carriers - the reservoir can be
but is not always the source of infection
Source - CORRECT ANSWERS-The individual or object from which an infection is
actually required, i.e. contaminated food, human carriers - the source is always a
reservoir for the organism
Carrier - CORRECT ANSWERS-An individual who inconspicuously shelters a pathogen
and can spread it to others without knowing
Asymptomatic carrier - CORRECT ANSWERS-An individual who shows no symptoms
of infection
Incubating carrier - CORRECT ANSWERS-An individual who can spread an infectious
agent during the incubation period, before symptoms appear
