TEST BANK For Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider, 5th Edition by Constance G Visovsky & Cheryl H Zambroski & Rebecca M Lutz | Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 | Complete Newest Version

Chapter 01: Prescriptive Authority and Role Implementation: Tradition vs. ChangeTest Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in medicalschools? a. Changesin Medicare reimbursementmethods recommended in 1992 b. Competition from nonphysicians desiring to meet primary care shortages c. The need for monopolistic control in themarketplace of primary outpatient care d. The recognition that nonphysicians havevariable success providing primary care ANS: A The Physician Payment Review Commission in 1992 directly increased financial reimbursement to clinicians who provide primary care. Coupled with a shortage of primary care providers, this incentive led medicalschools to place greater emphasis on preparing primary care physicians. Competition from nonphysicians increased coincidentally as professionals from other disciplines stepped up to meet the needs. Nonphysicians have had increasing success at providing primary care and have been shown to be safe and effective. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 2 2. Which of the following statements istrue about the prescribing practices of physicians? a. Older physicianstend to prescribe moreappropriate medications than younger physicians. b. Antibiotic medications remain in the topfive classifications of medications prescribed. c. Most physicians rely on a “therapeutic armamentarium” that consists of less than 100 drug preparations per physician. d. The dominant form of drug information used by primary care physicians continuesto be that provided by pharmaceutical companies. ANS: D Test Bank - Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider, 5th Edition (Edmunds), Chapter 1-73 5 Even though most physicians claim to place little weight on drug advertisements, Test Bank - Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider, 5th Edition (Edmunds), Chapter 1-73 6 pharmaceutical representatives, and patient preference and state that they rely on academic sources for drug information, a study showed that commercial rather than scientific sources of drug information dominated their drug information materials. Younger physicians tend to prescribe fewer and more appropriate drugs. Antibiotics have dropped out of the top five classifications of drugs prescribed. Most physicians have a therapeutic armamentarium of about 144 drugs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 3 3. As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as prescribers ofmedications, it will be important to: a. attain the same level of expertise asphysicians who currently prescribe medications. b. learn from the experiences of physicians and develop expertise based on evidence-based practice. c. maintain collaborative and supervisorialrelationships with physicians who will oversee prescribing practices. d. develop relationships with pharmaceuticalrepresentatives to learn about new medications as they are developed. ANS: B As nonphysicians develop the roles associated with prescriptive authority, it will be important to learn from the past experiences of physicians and to develop prescribing practices based on evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that all prescribers, including physicians and nurse practitioners, will strive to do better than in the past. NPs should work toward prescriptive authority and for practice that is not supervised by another professional. Pharmaceutical representatives provide information that carries some bias.Academic sources are better. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 4 Chapter 02: Historical Review of Prescriptive Authority: The Role of Nurses (NPs,CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and Physician Assistants Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted out ofthe federal facility reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that this defineshow NPs may write prescriptions: Test Bank - Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider, 5th Edition (Edmunds), Chapter 1-73 7 a. without physician supervision in privatepractice. b. as CRNAs without physician supervision in a hospital setting. c. in any situation but will not be reimbursedfor this by government insurers. d. only with physician supervision in both private practice and a hospital The Role of Nurses (NPs,CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and Physician Assistants setting. ANS: B In 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed the federal physician supervision rule for CRNAs to allow state governors to opt out, allowing CRNAs to write prescriptions and dispense drugs without physician supervision.