Test bank for pilbeams mechanical ventilation 7th edition by cairo

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Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
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Test Bank X




MULTIPLE CHOICE X




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs
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is known as which of the following?
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a. External respiration X


b. Internal respiration X


c. Spontaneous ventilation X


d. Mechanical ventilation X




ANS: C X


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilat
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ion. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this woul
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d be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the e
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xchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)between the al
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veoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at
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Xthe cellular level and involves movement ofoxygen from the syst
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emic blood into the cells.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 X X




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body cells X X X X X


b. Scalenes and trapezius X X

muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary X X

capillaries
d. External oblique and X X

transverse abdominal muscles X X




ANS: C X


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon
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dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. I
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nternal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves move
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ment of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspirati
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on. External oblique and transverse abdominal musclesare access
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ory muscles of expiration.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 X X




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
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normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of thef
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ollowing?
a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B X


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure dropsf
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rom about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -
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10 cm H2O atend-
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inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that chang
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e from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 X X




4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
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X .
a. - 1 cm H2O X X X


b. + 1 cm H2O X X X


c. 0 cm H2O X X


d. 5 cm H2O X X




ANS: A X


-
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during no
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rmal spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal
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spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1cm H2O
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.

DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 X X




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as
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which of the following? X X X


a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) X X X


b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) X X


c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) X X

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d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) X X




ANS: D X


The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure requ
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ired to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA )is the
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Xpressure gradient required to produce airflow in the conducting tu
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bes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inflate the l
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ungs and airways during positive pressure ventilation. Transthoraci
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c pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to expand or co
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ntract the lungs and the chest wall at thesame time.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 X X




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance d
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uring positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pre
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ssure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cmH2
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O.
a. 7 cm H2O X X


b. 30 cm H2O X X


c. 40 cm H2O X X


d. 175 cm H2O X X




ANS: B X

The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressurere
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quired to overcome airway resistance during mechanical ventilatio
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n. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
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DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 X X




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to
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its original form after being stretched or acted on by an outside f
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orce is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance X


d. Distending pressure X