NURS 684 Exams Guide Study Questions Solved
100% Correct | Verified Answers
Menopause (define) - ✔✔Permanent cessation of ovulation and menses confirmed after 12
consecutive months without a period
The average age of natural menopause in North America - ✔✔52 years old
Premature menopause (define) - ✔✔Cessation of ovulation and menses before age 40;
spontaneous or induced
Menopause transition (define) - ✔✔Span of time when menstrual cycle and endocrine
changes begin to occur and ending with the final menstrual period (FMP)
^can last 2-8 years
Perimenopause (define) - ✔✔Extends from beginning of menopause transition until 12
months after final menstrual period
"Early" menopause transition - ✔✔Variable duration; menstrual cycle length varies
(persistent difference of seven or more days in length of consecutive cycles)
"Late" menopause transition - ✔✔1-3 year duration; intervals of amenorrhea > 60 days
^vasomotor symptoms likely
Predominant event leading to menopause? - ✔✔Ovarian aging with follicular atresia
,Pre-menopausal hormone changes? - ✔✔Estradiol decreases --> FSH increases
^hormone levels fluctuate, so cannot rely on these measurements to determine menopause
Generally rely on what to determine menopause? - ✔✔**Cessation of menses**
-Age
-Hypoestrogenic symptoms
Is menopause responsible for weight gain? - ✔✔NO!
~may be responsible for changes in fat distribution~
Menopause & skin changes - ✔✔-Acne
-Skin becomes thinner & drier
-Hair becomes thinner & drier
-Hirsutism/virilization
Menopause & bone integrity - ✔✔Decrease in estrogen causes increased bone loss; greatest
loss in first few years after menopause then slows but continues
Menopause & genital changes - ✔✔-Increased vaginal pH > 5.0
-Decrease in subcutaneous fat of labia
-Vaginal atrophy (vaginal walls thin, pale, may have petechiae and be friable)
-Vaginal/vulvar burning, irritation, & pruritus
-Dyspareunia
-Recurrent vaginitis
-Smaller cervix
, -Smaller uterus & ovaries
Menopause & urinary tract - ✔✔-Atrophic changes to urethra & trigone of bladder
-Urinary frequency & urgency
-Dysuria
-Nocturia
-Stress urinary incontinence
-Recurrent cystitis/UTIs
Menopause & cardiovascular system - ✔✔-Increase in LDL, VLDL, & triglycerides
-Palpitations
Menopause- other S/S - ✔✔-Depression & anxiety
-Insomnia
-Decreased concentration
-Forgetfulness
-Headaches
-Dizziness
-Dry eyes
-Paresthesias
Vasomotor symptoms of menopause - ✔✔Recurrent, transient episodes of flushing
accompanied by sensation of warmth to intense heat on upper body and face
**Hot flashes**
**Night sweats**
100% Correct | Verified Answers
Menopause (define) - ✔✔Permanent cessation of ovulation and menses confirmed after 12
consecutive months without a period
The average age of natural menopause in North America - ✔✔52 years old
Premature menopause (define) - ✔✔Cessation of ovulation and menses before age 40;
spontaneous or induced
Menopause transition (define) - ✔✔Span of time when menstrual cycle and endocrine
changes begin to occur and ending with the final menstrual period (FMP)
^can last 2-8 years
Perimenopause (define) - ✔✔Extends from beginning of menopause transition until 12
months after final menstrual period
"Early" menopause transition - ✔✔Variable duration; menstrual cycle length varies
(persistent difference of seven or more days in length of consecutive cycles)
"Late" menopause transition - ✔✔1-3 year duration; intervals of amenorrhea > 60 days
^vasomotor symptoms likely
Predominant event leading to menopause? - ✔✔Ovarian aging with follicular atresia
,Pre-menopausal hormone changes? - ✔✔Estradiol decreases --> FSH increases
^hormone levels fluctuate, so cannot rely on these measurements to determine menopause
Generally rely on what to determine menopause? - ✔✔**Cessation of menses**
-Age
-Hypoestrogenic symptoms
Is menopause responsible for weight gain? - ✔✔NO!
~may be responsible for changes in fat distribution~
Menopause & skin changes - ✔✔-Acne
-Skin becomes thinner & drier
-Hair becomes thinner & drier
-Hirsutism/virilization
Menopause & bone integrity - ✔✔Decrease in estrogen causes increased bone loss; greatest
loss in first few years after menopause then slows but continues
Menopause & genital changes - ✔✔-Increased vaginal pH > 5.0
-Decrease in subcutaneous fat of labia
-Vaginal atrophy (vaginal walls thin, pale, may have petechiae and be friable)
-Vaginal/vulvar burning, irritation, & pruritus
-Dyspareunia
-Recurrent vaginitis
-Smaller cervix
, -Smaller uterus & ovaries
Menopause & urinary tract - ✔✔-Atrophic changes to urethra & trigone of bladder
-Urinary frequency & urgency
-Dysuria
-Nocturia
-Stress urinary incontinence
-Recurrent cystitis/UTIs
Menopause & cardiovascular system - ✔✔-Increase in LDL, VLDL, & triglycerides
-Palpitations
Menopause- other S/S - ✔✔-Depression & anxiety
-Insomnia
-Decreased concentration
-Forgetfulness
-Headaches
-Dizziness
-Dry eyes
-Paresthesias
Vasomotor symptoms of menopause - ✔✔Recurrent, transient episodes of flushing
accompanied by sensation of warmth to intense heat on upper body and face
**Hot flashes**
**Night sweats**
