Introduction to Probability and Statistics Exam Questions Answered Correctly Already Passed

Introduction to Probability and Statistics Exam Questions Answered Correctly Already Passed biased sample - Answers A sample drawn in such a way that one or more parts of the population are favored over others. blinding - Answers a technique where the subjects do not know whether they are receiving a treatment or a placebo cluster sample - Answers obtained by selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals completely randomized design - Answers the treatments are assigned to all the experimental units completely by chance confounding variable - Answers extraneous factor that interferes with the action of the independent variable on the dependent variable continuous variable - Answers a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of possible values that are not countable control group - Answers the group that does not receive the experimental treatment. convenience sample - Answers only members of the population who are easily accessible are selected data - Answers measurements or observations for a variable data set - Answers all the data collected in a particular study data value or datum - Answers a value in a data set dependent variable - Answers a variable in correlation and regression analysis that cannot be controlled or manipulated descriptive statistics - Answers the collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data discrete variable - Answers variable that has specific values and that cannot have values between these specific values (counting) double-blind study - Answers An experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo double sampling - Answers a large population is given a questionnaire to see who meets the requirements for the study. After reviewing the questionnaire a smaller population is defined and a sample is chosen from this population. experimental study - Answers the researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences other variables explanatory variable - Answers a variable that is being manipulated by the researcher to see if it affects the outcome variable Hawthorne effect - Answers A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied hypothesis testing - Answers a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population independent variable - Answers The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. inferential statistics - Answers generalizing from samples to populations, performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions interval level of measurement - Answers a measurement level that ranks data and in which precise differences between units of measure exist matched pairs design - Answers A method of assigning subjects to groups in which pairs of subjects are first matched on some characteristic and then individually assigned randomly to groups. measurement scales - Answers nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio Monte Carlo Method - Answers simulation technique using random numbers nominal level of measurement - Answers characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or categories only, and the data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme (such as low to high) observational study - Answers a study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has