SYG 2000 final exam
Deductive Methods - ✔️✔️research that starts with a theory, forms a hypothesis,
makes empirical observations, and then analyzes he data to confirm reject, or modify
the original theory
Inductive Methods - ✔️✔️research approach that starts with empirical observations and
then works to forma theory
Correlation - ✔️✔️- or association is a simultaneous variation in two variables ( for
example thres a correlation between income and health)
Causality - ✔️✔️notion that a change in one factor results in a corresponding change in
another(very difficult in social science). Three factors are needed, correlation, time
order, and ruling out alternative explanations
Dependent Variables - ✔️✔️the outcome that the researcher is trying to explain
Functionalism - ✔️✔️the theory that various social institutions and processes in society
exist to serve some important (or necessary) function to keep society running
Feminist Theory - ✔️✔️catchfall term for many theories (including Marxist theory), and
has an emphasis on women's experiences and a belief that sociology and society in
general subordinate women
Symbolic Interaction Theory - ✔️✔️a micro-level theory in which shared meanings,
orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions. Laid
by Erving Goffman's
Micro sociology - ✔️✔️seeks to understand local interactional contexts; its methods of
choice are ethnographic, generally including participant observation and in-depth
interviews
Macrosociology - ✔️✔️generally concerned with social dynamics at a higher level of
analysis- that is, across the breadth of a society
Qualitative Sociology - ✔️✔️methods that attempt to collect information about the
social world that annot be readily converted to numeric form.
, Quantitative - ✔️✔️methods that seek to obtain information about the social world that
is already in or can be converted to numeric form.
Research Methods - ✔️✔️Research Methods- approaches that social scientists use for
investigating the answers to questions
Sociological Imagination - ✔️✔️the ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects
of an individuals life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces. Ability to see
the connections between our personal experience and the larger forces of history
The Chicago School - ✔️✔️the emergence of American sociology was characterize by
(focused empirical research) , applied perspective, and was best embodied by what
came to be referred as "Chicago School) named for many of its proponents' affiliation
with U Chicago. Its basic premise was that humans' behaviors and personalities are
shaped by their social and physical environments, a concept known as social ecology.
The Looking Glass Self - ✔️✔️by Charles Horton Cooley. The self emerges from our
ability to assume the point of view of others and thereby imagine how they see us
The Generalized Other - ✔️✔️- our view of the views of society as a whole that
transcends individuals or particular situations. An internalized sense of the total
expectations of others in a variety of settings- regardless of whether we've encountered
those people or places before.
Independent Variables - ✔️✔️a measured factor that the researcher believes has a
causal impact on the dependent variable
Hypothesis - ✔️✔️proposed relationship between two variables
Hypothesis Testing - ✔️✔️operationlization- process of assigning a precise method for
measuring a term being examined in a particular study
Material culture - ✔️✔️everything that is a part of our constructed, physical
environment, including technology
Nonmaterial culture - ✔️✔️values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norma
Ideology - ✔️✔️a system of concepts and relationships, an understanding of cause and
effect
Subculture - ✔️✔️the district cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular
group in society, a group united by sets of concepts, values, symbols and shared
Deductive Methods - ✔️✔️research that starts with a theory, forms a hypothesis,
makes empirical observations, and then analyzes he data to confirm reject, or modify
the original theory
Inductive Methods - ✔️✔️research approach that starts with empirical observations and
then works to forma theory
Correlation - ✔️✔️- or association is a simultaneous variation in two variables ( for
example thres a correlation between income and health)
Causality - ✔️✔️notion that a change in one factor results in a corresponding change in
another(very difficult in social science). Three factors are needed, correlation, time
order, and ruling out alternative explanations
Dependent Variables - ✔️✔️the outcome that the researcher is trying to explain
Functionalism - ✔️✔️the theory that various social institutions and processes in society
exist to serve some important (or necessary) function to keep society running
Feminist Theory - ✔️✔️catchfall term for many theories (including Marxist theory), and
has an emphasis on women's experiences and a belief that sociology and society in
general subordinate women
Symbolic Interaction Theory - ✔️✔️a micro-level theory in which shared meanings,
orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions. Laid
by Erving Goffman's
Micro sociology - ✔️✔️seeks to understand local interactional contexts; its methods of
choice are ethnographic, generally including participant observation and in-depth
interviews
Macrosociology - ✔️✔️generally concerned with social dynamics at a higher level of
analysis- that is, across the breadth of a society
Qualitative Sociology - ✔️✔️methods that attempt to collect information about the
social world that annot be readily converted to numeric form.
, Quantitative - ✔️✔️methods that seek to obtain information about the social world that
is already in or can be converted to numeric form.
Research Methods - ✔️✔️Research Methods- approaches that social scientists use for
investigating the answers to questions
Sociological Imagination - ✔️✔️the ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects
of an individuals life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces. Ability to see
the connections between our personal experience and the larger forces of history
The Chicago School - ✔️✔️the emergence of American sociology was characterize by
(focused empirical research) , applied perspective, and was best embodied by what
came to be referred as "Chicago School) named for many of its proponents' affiliation
with U Chicago. Its basic premise was that humans' behaviors and personalities are
shaped by their social and physical environments, a concept known as social ecology.
The Looking Glass Self - ✔️✔️by Charles Horton Cooley. The self emerges from our
ability to assume the point of view of others and thereby imagine how they see us
The Generalized Other - ✔️✔️- our view of the views of society as a whole that
transcends individuals or particular situations. An internalized sense of the total
expectations of others in a variety of settings- regardless of whether we've encountered
those people or places before.
Independent Variables - ✔️✔️a measured factor that the researcher believes has a
causal impact on the dependent variable
Hypothesis - ✔️✔️proposed relationship between two variables
Hypothesis Testing - ✔️✔️operationlization- process of assigning a precise method for
measuring a term being examined in a particular study
Material culture - ✔️✔️everything that is a part of our constructed, physical
environment, including technology
Nonmaterial culture - ✔️✔️values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norma
Ideology - ✔️✔️a system of concepts and relationships, an understanding of cause and
effect
Subculture - ✔️✔️the district cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular
group in society, a group united by sets of concepts, values, symbols and shared
