Test bank for mccance huether s pathophysiology the biologic basis for disease in adults and children 9th editio

TEST BANK FOR
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McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults andChild
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ren 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
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Chapter 1-49 b




Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
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MULTIPLEbCHOICE

1. Whichbstatementbbestbdescribesbthebcellularbfunctionbofbmetabolicbabsorption?
a. Cellsbcanbproducebproteins.
b. Cellsbcanbsecretebdigestivebenzymes.
c. Cellsbcanbtakebinbandbusebnutrients.
d. Cellsbcanbsynthesizebfats.
ANS:b C
Inbmetabolicbabsorption,ballbcellsbtakebinbandbusebnutrientsbandbotherbsubstancesbfrombtheirbs
urroundings.bThebremainingboptionsbarebnotbinclusivebinbtheirbdescriptionsbofbcellularbmeta
bolicbabsorption.

DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

2. Wherebisbmostbofbabcell’sbgeneticbinformation,bincludingbRNAbandbDNA,bcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:b C
Thebnucleusbcontainsbthebnucleolus,babsmallbdensebstructurebcomposedblargelybofbRNA,bmostbo
fbthebcellularbDNA,bandbthebDNA-
bindingbproteins,bsuchbasbthebhistones,bwhichbregulatebitsbactivity.bThebmitochondriabarebrespo
nsiblebforbcellularbrespirationbandbenergybproduction.
Ribosomes’bchiefbfunctionbisbtobprovidebsitesbforbcellularbproteinbsynthesis.bLysosomesbf
unctionbasbthebintracellularbdigestivebsystem.

DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

3. Whichbcomponentbofbthebcellbproducesbhydrogenbperoxideb(H2O2)bbybusingboxygenbtobremovebh
ydrogenbatomsbfrombspecificbsubstratesbinbanboxidativebreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
ANS:b B

,d. Endosome




ANS:b B

, Peroxisomesbarebsobnamedbbecausebtheybusuallybcontainbenzymesbthatbuseboxygenbtobremovebhy
drogenbatomsbfrombspecificbsubstratesbinbanboxidativebreactionbthatbproducesbH2O2,bwhichbisbabp
owerfulboxidantbandbpotentiallybdestructivebifbitbaccumulatesborbescapesbfrombperoxisomes.bRib
osomesbarebRNA-
proteinbcomplexesb(nucleoproteins)bthatbarebsynthesizedbinbthebnucleolusbandbsecretedbintobthebc
ytoplasmbthroughbporesbinbthebnuclearbenvelopebcalledbnuclearbporebcomplexes.bLysosomesbareb
saclikebstructuresbthatboriginatebfrombthebGolgibcomplexbandbcontainbmorebthanb40bdigestivebenz
ymesbcalledbhydrolases,bwhichbcatalyzebbondsbinbproteins,blipids,bnucleicbacids,bandbcarbohydra
tes.bAnbendosomebisbabvesicalbthatbhasbbeenbpinchedboffbfrombthebcellularbmembrane.

DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

4. Whichbcellbcomponentbisbcapablebofbcellularbautodigestionbwhenbitbisbreleasedbduringbcellbi
njury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgibcomplex
c. Smoothbendoplasmicbreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:b D
Theblysosomalbmembranebactsbasbabprotectivebshieldbbetweenbthebpowerfulbdigestivebenzymesb
withinbtheblysosomebandbthebcytoplasm,bpreventingbtheirbleakagebintobthebcytoplasmicbmatrix.b
Disruptionbofbthebmembranebbybvariousbtreatmentsborbcellularbinjurybleadsbtobabreleasebofbthebly
sosomalbenzymes,bwhichbcanbthenbreactbwithbtheirbspecificbsubstrates,bcausingbcellularbself-
bdigestion.bThebchiefbfunctionbofbabribosomebisbtobprovidebsitesbforbcellularbproteinbsynthesis. bTh

ebGolgibcomplexbisbabnetworkbofbflattened,bsmoothbvesiclesbandbmembranesboftenblocatedbnearb
thebcellbnucleus.bThebsmoothbendoplasmicbreticulumbisbinvolvedbinbsteroidbhormonebproductio
nbandbremovingbtoxicbsubstancesbfrombthebcell.

DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

5. WhichbcAMP-mediatedbresponsebisbrelatedbtobantidiureticbhormone?
a. Increasedbheartbratebandbforcebofbcontraction
b. Secretionbofbcortisol
c. Increasedbretentionbofbwater
d. Breakdownbofbfat
ANS:b C
Antidiureticbhormonebleadsbtobincreasedbretentionbofbwaterbinbthebbody.bEpinephrinebcausesbi
ncreasesbinbheartbratebandbforcebofbcontraction.bIncreasedbcortisolbsecretionbisbduebtobACTH.bB
reakdownbofbfatbisbduebtobglucagon.

DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

6. DuringbwhichbphasebofbthebcellbcyclebisbDNAbsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M

ANS:b B

, Thebfourbdesignatedbphasesbofbthebcellbcyclebare:b(1)bthebG1bphaseb(Gb=bgap),bwhichbisbthebperio
dbbetweenbthebMbphaseb(Mb=bmitosis)bandbthebstartbofbDNAbsynthesis;b(2)bthebSbphaseb(S
=bsynthesis),bduringbwhichbDNAbisbsynthesizedbinbthebcellbnucleus;b(3)bthebG2bphase,bduringb
whichbRNAbandbproteinbsynthesisboccurs,bthebperiodbbetweenbthebcompletionbofbDNAbsynthe
sisbandbthebnextbphaseb(M);bandb(4)bthebMbphase,bwhichbincludesbnuclearbandbcytoplasmicbdiv
ision.

DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

7. Whatborganicbcompoundbfacilitatesbtransportationbacrossbcellbmembranesbbybactingbasbr
eceptors,btransportbchannelsbforbelectrolytes,bandbenzymesbtobdrivebactivebpumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:b C
Proteinsbhavebseveralbfunctions,bincludingbactingbasbreceptors,btransportbchannelsbforbelectrolyte
s,bandbenzymesbtobdrivebactivebpumpsbLipidsbhelpbactbasbtheb―glue‖bholdingbcellbmembranesbtoge
ther.bProteasesbcausebthebbreakdownbofbprotein.bCarbohydratesbarebinvolvedbinbcellularbprotectio
nbandblubricationbandbhelpbproducebenergybviaboxidativebphosphorylation.

DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

8. Understandingbthebvariousbstepsbofbproteolyticbcascadesbmaybbebusefulbinbdesigningbdrugbt
herapybforbwhichbhumanbdiseases?
a. Cardiacbandbvascularbdisorders
b. Autoimmunebandbmalignantbdisorders
c. Gastrointestinalbandbrenalbdisorders
d. Endocrinebandbgastrointestinalbdisorders
ANS:b B
Understandingbthebvariousbstepsbinvolvedbinbthisbprocessbisbcrucialbforbdesigningbdrugbint
erventions.bDysregulationbofbproteasesbfeaturesbprominentlybinbmanybhumanbdiseases,bincl
udingbcancer,bautoimmunity,bandbneurodegenerativebdisorders.bCardiac,bvascular,bgastroi
ntestinal,brenal,bandbendocrinebdisordersbdobnotbinvolvebthisbprocess.

DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

9. Whichbstructurebpreventsbwater-
solublebmoleculesbfrombenteringbcellsbacrossbthebplasmabmembrane?
a. Carbohydratebchains
b. Glycoproteinbchannels
c. Membranebchannelbproteins
d. Lipidbbilayer
ANS:b D