Chemistry Exam Study Guide
Chapter 1: Matter and Energy
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
Forms of energy are NOT matter
Matter can be:
o Pure substance
Is uniform throughout in chemical composition
from sample to sample
o Mixtures
Are composed of two substances, they may or
may not have uniform composition
Pure Substances vs Mixtures
Pure Substances can be:
Elements ex. Gold
o Elements cannot be broken down any further
Compounds ex. Water
o Made up of two or more elements
Mixtures can be:
Homogeneous: the same throughout
Heterogeneous: layered
Atoms vs Molecules
Atoms
, Found combined together in molecules of the same and
different elements
Molecules
Two or more atoms bound together
Metals vs Nonmetals
Metals
Luster/ shininess
Can conduct electricity
Movement of charged particles
Nonmetals
Not shiny
Not conductors
Physical and Chemical Changes and
Properties
Physical Property
A characteristic that we can observe without changing the
composition of a substance
o Ex. Color, odor, mass, volume, temperature, density
Intensive properties: don’t change depending on the amount
of substance
Extensive properties: changes with less or more of a
substance
, Chemical Property
Is one that can only be seen when the substance is
undergoing chemical changes
Physical Changes
Changes physical properties without changing the chemical
composition
Chemical Changes
One substance changes into one or more new substances
o Ex. Pennies tarnishing/ burning gasoline
Evidence of chemical changes includes: bubbling, permanent
color change, and sudden change in temperature
Measurements
Mass
Measures quantity of matter
o Not bound by gravity
o Grams
Volume
Amount of space a substance occupies
o V= L*W*H
o Cm^3 (cubic cm)
Density
The ratio of mass to its volume
Chapter 1: Matter and Energy
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
Forms of energy are NOT matter
Matter can be:
o Pure substance
Is uniform throughout in chemical composition
from sample to sample
o Mixtures
Are composed of two substances, they may or
may not have uniform composition
Pure Substances vs Mixtures
Pure Substances can be:
Elements ex. Gold
o Elements cannot be broken down any further
Compounds ex. Water
o Made up of two or more elements
Mixtures can be:
Homogeneous: the same throughout
Heterogeneous: layered
Atoms vs Molecules
Atoms
, Found combined together in molecules of the same and
different elements
Molecules
Two or more atoms bound together
Metals vs Nonmetals
Metals
Luster/ shininess
Can conduct electricity
Movement of charged particles
Nonmetals
Not shiny
Not conductors
Physical and Chemical Changes and
Properties
Physical Property
A characteristic that we can observe without changing the
composition of a substance
o Ex. Color, odor, mass, volume, temperature, density
Intensive properties: don’t change depending on the amount
of substance
Extensive properties: changes with less or more of a
substance
, Chemical Property
Is one that can only be seen when the substance is
undergoing chemical changes
Physical Changes
Changes physical properties without changing the chemical
composition
Chemical Changes
One substance changes into one or more new substances
o Ex. Pennies tarnishing/ burning gasoline
Evidence of chemical changes includes: bubbling, permanent
color change, and sudden change in temperature
Measurements
Mass
Measures quantity of matter
o Not bound by gravity
o Grams
Volume
Amount of space a substance occupies
o V= L*W*H
o Cm^3 (cubic cm)
Density
The ratio of mass to its volume
