PNB 2250 EXAM 4 final exam review Questions With
Complete Solutions
a chemical interaction with a protein does not result in taste
Correct Answers taste is a CNS construct perceived as a
sensation through complex interactions of neurons
you can stimulate neurons in the brain and the animal will
experience taste with out the chemical being present
taste is the ability to detect chemicals dissolved in water (mouth
in vertebrates, antennae in insects, hair on legs)
A. Volta Correct Answers first electrical pattern
characterization of the electric eel
active response to electrical fields Correct Answers detection
of the changes in an electrical field produced by an animal
where it interacts with other field or structures
acuity for sensitivity Correct Answers common trade off
sensitivity is at the expense of resolution
the more intense your sensory acuity, the more sensitive you are
allens rule Correct Answers animal shape minimizes heat loss
in cold climates and heat gain in warm climates
related to surface area and volume
,arm length in tropical climates is longer than arm length in cold
climates, might be related to cartilage growth
effects of temperature
allometric scaling Correct Answers animals scale
allometrically, not isometrically (due to constraints of nutrient
delivery)
increased in length b y 33% results in increase in surface area by
66% and an increase in volume by 100% -- relationship of 1-2-3
allometry Correct Answers how animal shape relates to size
amphibians Correct Answers well developed brains, regions
similar to humans
fine control of digestion and respiration
possesses a cerebellum (excellent muscle control)
well developed sense of smell and good sound detection
anatomical coding in sensory cells Correct Answers specific
regions of the CNS are spatially and functionally coded for
sensory information
visual cortex in the brain specific for visual sensory
animals that use electrical fields Correct Answers eels -- shock
& sensory info
,sharks and rays -- use for muscle movement
conducting and non conducting objects, (water is a poorer
conductor than animals)
most common in salt water (better conductor), murky water with
low visibility, most are passive, a few active
external electrical fields modify the permeability of channels in
the membrane
apposition eye Correct Answers short ommatidia, averages the
light received and creates an inverted image
day active animals use this
aquatic bird eye Correct Answers flattened cornea
lens intermediate between aquatic and terrestrial
aquatic eye Correct Answers water cornea interface causes
minimal refraction so no need for domed cornea
lens is spherical to provide maximum focusing ability
aquatic vs terrestrial eyes Correct Answers in water there is no
focusing by the cornea, all is done by the lens
in air, focusing is done both by the cornea and the lens
, Arthropods Correct Answers insects and crustaceans
presence of ganglia (synapses outside of CNS)
more developed brain and nerve cords
sound detection
complex visual system
as animal species get bigger Correct Answers metabolic rate
decreases
heart rate decreases
cell size doesn't change
they live longer (why???)
attention Correct Answers animals do not pay attention to
everything in their environment -- only need to sense what will
keep them alive
danger
internal and external damage
internal cues
food
mating
axons Correct Answers single or branched
Complete Solutions
a chemical interaction with a protein does not result in taste
Correct Answers taste is a CNS construct perceived as a
sensation through complex interactions of neurons
you can stimulate neurons in the brain and the animal will
experience taste with out the chemical being present
taste is the ability to detect chemicals dissolved in water (mouth
in vertebrates, antennae in insects, hair on legs)
A. Volta Correct Answers first electrical pattern
characterization of the electric eel
active response to electrical fields Correct Answers detection
of the changes in an electrical field produced by an animal
where it interacts with other field or structures
acuity for sensitivity Correct Answers common trade off
sensitivity is at the expense of resolution
the more intense your sensory acuity, the more sensitive you are
allens rule Correct Answers animal shape minimizes heat loss
in cold climates and heat gain in warm climates
related to surface area and volume
,arm length in tropical climates is longer than arm length in cold
climates, might be related to cartilage growth
effects of temperature
allometric scaling Correct Answers animals scale
allometrically, not isometrically (due to constraints of nutrient
delivery)
increased in length b y 33% results in increase in surface area by
66% and an increase in volume by 100% -- relationship of 1-2-3
allometry Correct Answers how animal shape relates to size
amphibians Correct Answers well developed brains, regions
similar to humans
fine control of digestion and respiration
possesses a cerebellum (excellent muscle control)
well developed sense of smell and good sound detection
anatomical coding in sensory cells Correct Answers specific
regions of the CNS are spatially and functionally coded for
sensory information
visual cortex in the brain specific for visual sensory
animals that use electrical fields Correct Answers eels -- shock
& sensory info
,sharks and rays -- use for muscle movement
conducting and non conducting objects, (water is a poorer
conductor than animals)
most common in salt water (better conductor), murky water with
low visibility, most are passive, a few active
external electrical fields modify the permeability of channels in
the membrane
apposition eye Correct Answers short ommatidia, averages the
light received and creates an inverted image
day active animals use this
aquatic bird eye Correct Answers flattened cornea
lens intermediate between aquatic and terrestrial
aquatic eye Correct Answers water cornea interface causes
minimal refraction so no need for domed cornea
lens is spherical to provide maximum focusing ability
aquatic vs terrestrial eyes Correct Answers in water there is no
focusing by the cornea, all is done by the lens
in air, focusing is done both by the cornea and the lens
, Arthropods Correct Answers insects and crustaceans
presence of ganglia (synapses outside of CNS)
more developed brain and nerve cords
sound detection
complex visual system
as animal species get bigger Correct Answers metabolic rate
decreases
heart rate decreases
cell size doesn't change
they live longer (why???)
attention Correct Answers animals do not pay attention to
everything in their environment -- only need to sense what will
keep them alive
danger
internal and external damage
internal cues
food
mating
axons Correct Answers single or branched
