PULMONARY ROSH EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST
2024/2025
A 4-year-old boy presents to your office with his mother to discuss
concerning symptoms of shortness of breath, facial swelling, cough,
and development of urticaria after eating peanut butter for the first
time. The patient is referred to an allergy specialist and both skin
prick and immunoglobulin E antibody testing results are positive for
peanut allergy. Which of the following is the first priority in caring
for this patient?
A. Access to injectable epinephrine
B. Avoid all nuts, seeds, and legumes
C. Oral desensitization to peanuts
D. Physician-supervised oral food challenge
Access to injectable epinephrine
A 15-year-old boy presents to the clinic with fever, posterior cervical
lymphadenopathy, sore throat, and splenomegaly. Which of the
following is the best test to confirm the most likely diagnosis?
A. Epstein-Barr virus-specific antibodies
B. Heterophile antibody test
C. Rapid antigen detection test
D. Throat culture
Heterophile antibody test
,A 7-year-old girl presents to her pediatrician with a malar rash with
circumoral pallor. Her mother states that the rash was preceded by
fever and rhinorrhea. Which of the following is the most likely
causative pathogen?
A. Human herpesvirus 6
B. Parvovirus B19
C. Rubella
D. Rubeola
Parvovirus B19
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the clinic for evaluation of headache,
generalized malaise, and myalgia that began three days after his
return from camping. Laboratory studies confirm the suspected
diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Which of the following
is the appropriate treatment?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Clarithromycin
C. Doxycycline
D. Penicillin G
Doxycycline
A 12-year-old girl is referred to you for treatment of scoliosis which
was discovered on a recent physical examination. She is in good
health, has no back pain, and her neurologic examination is normal.
X-rays show a right thoracic curve with a Cobb angle of 32° and a
left lumbar curve with a Cobb angle of 26°. Which of the following
pieces of information will be most helpful in deciding whether
bracing is appropriate for this patient?
A. Genetic testing
,B. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine
C. Measurement of the patient’s and parents’ height
D. X-ray of the pelvis
X-ray of the pelvis
An 8-year-old boy presents for his annual physical with complaints
of night-time cough and intermittent wheezing. Which of the
following diagnostic studies would confirm a diagnosis of asthma?
A. Arterial blood gas
B. Bronchoscopy
C. Chest radiograph
D. Spirometry
Spirometry
A 10-month-old boy presents to the emergency department with a
widespread maculopapular rash. His mother states he had a fever
for three days that suddenly resolved prior to the development of the
rash. Which of the following infectious exanthems is the most likely
cause?
A. Erythema infectiosum
B. Roseola infantum
C. Rubella
D. Rubeola
Roseola infantum
A 13-year-old obese boy presents to the clinic with insidious left-
sided hip pain and altered gait for the past three months. The hip
pain is worse with activity. He reports no history of trauma. Based
, on the X-ray above, which of the following is the most likely cause of
this patient’s hip pain?
A. Avascular necrosis of the hip
B. Developmental dysplasia of the hip
C. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
D. Transient synovitis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
A 4-year-old boy who is otherwise healthy presents to his
pediatrician with a widespread rash. The rash has vesicular lesions
in multiple stages involving the face, trunk, and extremities. Which
of the following symptoms is another common clinical finding of this
condition?
A. Conjunctivitis
B. Dermatomal distribution of the rash
C. Inflammation of the parotid glands
D. Prodrome of fever and pharyngitis
Prodrome of fever and pharyngitis
A 6-year-old boy is brought into the emergency department for two
days of neck pain, severe sore throat, and fever after recovering
from a recent cold. Upon physical exam, the patient has a fever of
102°F and has decreased range of motion of the neck. He also has
bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, has difficulty opening his
mouth, and refuses to swallow. A lateral neck X-ray shows some soft
tissue swelling anterior to the cervical vertebrae from C2–C4.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Angioedema
B. Foreign body aspiration
ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST
2024/2025
A 4-year-old boy presents to your office with his mother to discuss
concerning symptoms of shortness of breath, facial swelling, cough,
and development of urticaria after eating peanut butter for the first
time. The patient is referred to an allergy specialist and both skin
prick and immunoglobulin E antibody testing results are positive for
peanut allergy. Which of the following is the first priority in caring
for this patient?
A. Access to injectable epinephrine
B. Avoid all nuts, seeds, and legumes
C. Oral desensitization to peanuts
D. Physician-supervised oral food challenge
Access to injectable epinephrine
A 15-year-old boy presents to the clinic with fever, posterior cervical
lymphadenopathy, sore throat, and splenomegaly. Which of the
following is the best test to confirm the most likely diagnosis?
A. Epstein-Barr virus-specific antibodies
B. Heterophile antibody test
C. Rapid antigen detection test
D. Throat culture
Heterophile antibody test
,A 7-year-old girl presents to her pediatrician with a malar rash with
circumoral pallor. Her mother states that the rash was preceded by
fever and rhinorrhea. Which of the following is the most likely
causative pathogen?
A. Human herpesvirus 6
B. Parvovirus B19
C. Rubella
D. Rubeola
Parvovirus B19
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the clinic for evaluation of headache,
generalized malaise, and myalgia that began three days after his
return from camping. Laboratory studies confirm the suspected
diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Which of the following
is the appropriate treatment?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Clarithromycin
C. Doxycycline
D. Penicillin G
Doxycycline
A 12-year-old girl is referred to you for treatment of scoliosis which
was discovered on a recent physical examination. She is in good
health, has no back pain, and her neurologic examination is normal.
X-rays show a right thoracic curve with a Cobb angle of 32° and a
left lumbar curve with a Cobb angle of 26°. Which of the following
pieces of information will be most helpful in deciding whether
bracing is appropriate for this patient?
A. Genetic testing
,B. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine
C. Measurement of the patient’s and parents’ height
D. X-ray of the pelvis
X-ray of the pelvis
An 8-year-old boy presents for his annual physical with complaints
of night-time cough and intermittent wheezing. Which of the
following diagnostic studies would confirm a diagnosis of asthma?
A. Arterial blood gas
B. Bronchoscopy
C. Chest radiograph
D. Spirometry
Spirometry
A 10-month-old boy presents to the emergency department with a
widespread maculopapular rash. His mother states he had a fever
for three days that suddenly resolved prior to the development of the
rash. Which of the following infectious exanthems is the most likely
cause?
A. Erythema infectiosum
B. Roseola infantum
C. Rubella
D. Rubeola
Roseola infantum
A 13-year-old obese boy presents to the clinic with insidious left-
sided hip pain and altered gait for the past three months. The hip
pain is worse with activity. He reports no history of trauma. Based
, on the X-ray above, which of the following is the most likely cause of
this patient’s hip pain?
A. Avascular necrosis of the hip
B. Developmental dysplasia of the hip
C. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
D. Transient synovitis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
A 4-year-old boy who is otherwise healthy presents to his
pediatrician with a widespread rash. The rash has vesicular lesions
in multiple stages involving the face, trunk, and extremities. Which
of the following symptoms is another common clinical finding of this
condition?
A. Conjunctivitis
B. Dermatomal distribution of the rash
C. Inflammation of the parotid glands
D. Prodrome of fever and pharyngitis
Prodrome of fever and pharyngitis
A 6-year-old boy is brought into the emergency department for two
days of neck pain, severe sore throat, and fever after recovering
from a recent cold. Upon physical exam, the patient has a fever of
102°F and has decreased range of motion of the neck. He also has
bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, has difficulty opening his
mouth, and refuses to swallow. A lateral neck X-ray shows some soft
tissue swelling anterior to the cervical vertebrae from C2–C4.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Angioedema
B. Foreign body aspiration
