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NU 126 EXAM #4 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
|ALREADY GRADED A+ LATEST
UPDATE | 2024-2025
intertrochanteric fracture vs subtrochanteric fracture
Ans
✓ inter: occurs 70% of the time
✓ Sub: occurs 30% of the time
✓
✓ **commonly affect the femoral neck
✓
✓ ***ALL FRACTURES NEED AN XRAY TO CONFIRM**
Mobility Exemplar Fractures
Ans
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✓ break or disruption in continuity of bone that affects mobility and causes pain
✓ TYPES:
✓ 1. Complete (no altered alignment) or Incomplete
✓ 2. Open (compound open skin) or Closed (simple no wound )
✓ 3. Fragility (pathologic/ minimal trauma) (spontaneous)
✓ 4. Fatigue or stress
✓ 5. Compression (especially in geriatric patients)
Stages of bone healing
Ans
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✓ 1. hematoma formation: hematoma at the site of the fracture, within 24-72 hours post
injury.
✓
✓ 2. Fibrocartilage Callus Formation: Granulation tissue invade the hematoma, causing the
formation of fibrocartilage which is the foundation for bone healing. Occurs within 3days-
2weeks
✓
✓ 3. Bony Callus Formation: The fracture site is surrounded by new vascular tissue known as a
callus, which is the beginning of a non-bony union. takes 3-6 weeks
✓
✓ 4. Reabsorption : the callus is gradually reabsorbed and transformed into bone. takes 3-8
weeks
✓
✓ 5. Consolidation and remodeling: of bone continue to meet mechanical demands. This takes
up to 4-6 sometimes up to 1 year depending on the severity of the injury, age and health of
the patient.
Early Complications: Shock
Ans
✓ **more common in pelvic fractures and displaced or open femoral**
✓
✓ -causes hypovolemia/ shock from hemorrhage caused by tearing of the femoral artery from
bone fragments. (unstable pelvic fractures)
Early Complications: Fat Embolism
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Ans
✓ Fat emboli enters circulation.
✓ - occurs mostly with long bone (femur) fractions.
✓
✓ -has a rapid onset within 12-72 hours
✓
✓ -s/s
✓ 1. hypoxia
✓ 2.tachypnea
✓ 3. dyspnea
✓ 4.tachycardia
✓ 5. substernal chest pain
✓ 6. low-grade fever
✓ 7.crackles
✓ 8. petechial (after 2-3 days after onset of symptoms)
✓ 9. Neurological deficits (restlessness, agitation, seizures, focal deficit, and encephalopathy
Early Complications: Compartment syndrome
Ans
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NU 126 EXAM #4 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
|ALREADY GRADED A+ LATEST
UPDATE | 2024-2025
intertrochanteric fracture vs subtrochanteric fracture
Ans
✓ inter: occurs 70% of the time
✓ Sub: occurs 30% of the time
✓
✓ **commonly affect the femoral neck
✓
✓ ***ALL FRACTURES NEED AN XRAY TO CONFIRM**
Mobility Exemplar Fractures
Ans
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Customer Support: [+254707240657]
✓ break or disruption in continuity of bone that affects mobility and causes pain
✓ TYPES:
✓ 1. Complete (no altered alignment) or Incomplete
✓ 2. Open (compound open skin) or Closed (simple no wound )
✓ 3. Fragility (pathologic/ minimal trauma) (spontaneous)
✓ 4. Fatigue or stress
✓ 5. Compression (especially in geriatric patients)
Stages of bone healing
Ans
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✓ 1. hematoma formation: hematoma at the site of the fracture, within 24-72 hours post
injury.
✓
✓ 2. Fibrocartilage Callus Formation: Granulation tissue invade the hematoma, causing the
formation of fibrocartilage which is the foundation for bone healing. Occurs within 3days-
2weeks
✓
✓ 3. Bony Callus Formation: The fracture site is surrounded by new vascular tissue known as a
callus, which is the beginning of a non-bony union. takes 3-6 weeks
✓
✓ 4. Reabsorption : the callus is gradually reabsorbed and transformed into bone. takes 3-8
weeks
✓
✓ 5. Consolidation and remodeling: of bone continue to meet mechanical demands. This takes
up to 4-6 sometimes up to 1 year depending on the severity of the injury, age and health of
the patient.
Early Complications: Shock
Ans
✓ **more common in pelvic fractures and displaced or open femoral**
✓
✓ -causes hypovolemia/ shock from hemorrhage caused by tearing of the femoral artery from
bone fragments. (unstable pelvic fractures)
Early Complications: Fat Embolism
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Ans
✓ Fat emboli enters circulation.
✓ - occurs mostly with long bone (femur) fractions.
✓
✓ -has a rapid onset within 12-72 hours
✓
✓ -s/s
✓ 1. hypoxia
✓ 2.tachypnea
✓ 3. dyspnea
✓ 4.tachycardia
✓ 5. substernal chest pain
✓ 6. low-grade fever
✓ 7.crackles
✓ 8. petechial (after 2-3 days after onset of symptoms)
✓ 9. Neurological deficits (restlessness, agitation, seizures, focal deficit, and encephalopathy
Early Complications: Compartment syndrome
Ans
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