NAGELHOUT PHARM 1; EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The study of absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion of drugs. What the person does to the drug.
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER Physiological and biochemical mechanism of
action of drugs. What the drug does to the person.
Ligands - ANSWER Chemical substances that bind to a specific receptor site
(endogenous or exogenous)
Agonist - ANSWER Stimulates the function that the receptor serves
Antagonist - ANSWER Blocks the function that the receptor serves
Competitive binding - ANSWER Reversible, wears off
Noncompetitve binding - ANSWER Non-reversible (i.e. ASA)
Therapeutic index - ANSWER LD50/ED50; measure of safety, higher
numbers = safer
LD50 - ANSWER Lethal dose in 50% of the population
ED50 - ANSWER Effective dose in 50% of population
, ED99 - ANSWER Effective dose in 99% of population
Therapeutic range - ANSWER A measure of blood levels with drug use. A
range of at least ED99 and less than toxic threshold.
Bioavailability - ANSWER The % of a drug contained in a drug product that
enters the systemic circulation in an unchanged for after administration of the
product
Interaction - ANSWER Alteration in therapeutic action of a drug by concurrent
administration of other exogenous chemicals
Addition - ANSWER Combined effect of 2 drugs is equal to the expected
addition of their individual action (1+1=2)
Synergism - ANSWER Combined effect of 2 drugs is greater than the expected
addition of their individual action (1+1=3)
Potentiation - ANSWER One drug's action is increased by an action completely
unrelated drug. 1+0=3
Antagonism- ANSWER The action of one drug opposes the action of another.
1+1=0.
pKa- ANSWER Ionization constant: The pH at which 50 % of the chemical is
ionized (carrying a charge) and 50 % of the chemical is non-ionized (No
charge).
ANSWERS
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The study of absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion of drugs. What the person does to the drug.
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER Physiological and biochemical mechanism of
action of drugs. What the drug does to the person.
Ligands - ANSWER Chemical substances that bind to a specific receptor site
(endogenous or exogenous)
Agonist - ANSWER Stimulates the function that the receptor serves
Antagonist - ANSWER Blocks the function that the receptor serves
Competitive binding - ANSWER Reversible, wears off
Noncompetitve binding - ANSWER Non-reversible (i.e. ASA)
Therapeutic index - ANSWER LD50/ED50; measure of safety, higher
numbers = safer
LD50 - ANSWER Lethal dose in 50% of the population
ED50 - ANSWER Effective dose in 50% of population
, ED99 - ANSWER Effective dose in 99% of population
Therapeutic range - ANSWER A measure of blood levels with drug use. A
range of at least ED99 and less than toxic threshold.
Bioavailability - ANSWER The % of a drug contained in a drug product that
enters the systemic circulation in an unchanged for after administration of the
product
Interaction - ANSWER Alteration in therapeutic action of a drug by concurrent
administration of other exogenous chemicals
Addition - ANSWER Combined effect of 2 drugs is equal to the expected
addition of their individual action (1+1=2)
Synergism - ANSWER Combined effect of 2 drugs is greater than the expected
addition of their individual action (1+1=3)
Potentiation - ANSWER One drug's action is increased by an action completely
unrelated drug. 1+0=3
Antagonism- ANSWER The action of one drug opposes the action of another.
1+1=0.
pKa- ANSWER Ionization constant: The pH at which 50 % of the chemical is
ionized (carrying a charge) and 50 % of the chemical is non-ionized (No
charge).
