BIOS 242 Week 5 With Correct Answers 100% Verified
Species resistance - ANSWER due to physiological processes of humans that are
incompatible with those of the pathogen
Innate immunity - ANSWER first line of defense (born with) and works nonspecifically
and quickly
immunity - ANSWER I recognize me and what belongs to me and I can recognize things
that do not belong
first line of defense - structures, chemicals and processes which prevent entry into the
body, which in most cases are physical barriers
skin - what major organ is involved with innate immunity?
epidermis and dermis - two layers of skin
epidermis - multiple layers of tightly packed cells, few pathogens are able to penetrate
these layers and also dead skin cells are constantly sloughed off removing
microorganisms
dermis - ANSWER collagen fibers help skin resist abrasions that could introduce
microorganisms
sweat - ANSWER high salt concentration changes pH (messes with a narrow range that
microbes need thus killing them)
antimicrobial peptides - ANSWER act against microorganisms
,defensins - ANSWER antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth
lysozyme - ANSWER destroy cell wall of bacteria (lyses cell)
sebum - ANSWER secreted by sebaceous (oil) glands, helps keep skin pliable and less
likely to break or tear, also helps lower skin pH to a level inhibitory to many bacteria
mucous membrane - ANSWER line all body cavities that open to the outside of the body
(nose, esophagus, GI tract, etc.)
epithelium a thin outer covering of the mucous membranes, living cells, tightly packed
to prevent entry of many pathogens, continual shedding of cells carries away
microorganisms, contain dendritic cells
dendritic cells below epithelium and help phagocytize pathogens
goblet and ciliated columnar cells help remove invaders
mucous membranes produce chemicals that defend against pathogens
mucus - ANSWER defense because it contains cilia and has peristalsis to expel stuff also
sticky so it traps stuff
lacrimal apparatus - ANSWER produces and drains tears, blinking spreads tears and
washes surface of the eye and contains lysozyme
lysozyme - ANSWER enzyme in tears that destroys bacteria
, Immune privileged sites - ANSWER they are able to tolerate the introduction of antigens
without eliciting an inflammatory immune response.
micro-metrical antagonism ANSWER microbiome competes w/ potential pathogens, or
normal flora keeps it in check because their survival lessens survival of others
microbiome ANSWER normally harmless residents of body comprise the human flora all
microbes in a particular environment
consumption of nutrients, create an unfavorable environment, prevent attachment to
host cells, stimulates second line of defense, and provides vitamins to host - ANSWER
how do members of the microbiome make it hard for pathogens to compete?
antimicrobial peptides - ANSWER present in skin, mucous membranes, neutrophils and
act against a variety of microbes (not specific) by working in conjunction with other
things
peptides - ANSWER small proteins
saliva - ANSWER washes microbes from teeth, gums, tongue, and palate (contain
lysozyme)
stomach acid - ANSWER digests and or inhibits microorganisms (low pH)
gastroferritin - ANSWER sequesters iron being absorbed, making it unavailable for
microbial use
bile - ANSWER inhibitory to most microorganisms
peristalsis - ANSWER moves GI contents through GI tract, constantly eliminating
potential pathogens
defecation and vomitting - ANSWER two ways that the body can eliminate
Species resistance - ANSWER due to physiological processes of humans that are
incompatible with those of the pathogen
Innate immunity - ANSWER first line of defense (born with) and works nonspecifically
and quickly
immunity - ANSWER I recognize me and what belongs to me and I can recognize things
that do not belong
first line of defense - structures, chemicals and processes which prevent entry into the
body, which in most cases are physical barriers
skin - what major organ is involved with innate immunity?
epidermis and dermis - two layers of skin
epidermis - multiple layers of tightly packed cells, few pathogens are able to penetrate
these layers and also dead skin cells are constantly sloughed off removing
microorganisms
dermis - ANSWER collagen fibers help skin resist abrasions that could introduce
microorganisms
sweat - ANSWER high salt concentration changes pH (messes with a narrow range that
microbes need thus killing them)
antimicrobial peptides - ANSWER act against microorganisms
,defensins - ANSWER antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth
lysozyme - ANSWER destroy cell wall of bacteria (lyses cell)
sebum - ANSWER secreted by sebaceous (oil) glands, helps keep skin pliable and less
likely to break or tear, also helps lower skin pH to a level inhibitory to many bacteria
mucous membrane - ANSWER line all body cavities that open to the outside of the body
(nose, esophagus, GI tract, etc.)
epithelium a thin outer covering of the mucous membranes, living cells, tightly packed
to prevent entry of many pathogens, continual shedding of cells carries away
microorganisms, contain dendritic cells
dendritic cells below epithelium and help phagocytize pathogens
goblet and ciliated columnar cells help remove invaders
mucous membranes produce chemicals that defend against pathogens
mucus - ANSWER defense because it contains cilia and has peristalsis to expel stuff also
sticky so it traps stuff
lacrimal apparatus - ANSWER produces and drains tears, blinking spreads tears and
washes surface of the eye and contains lysozyme
lysozyme - ANSWER enzyme in tears that destroys bacteria
, Immune privileged sites - ANSWER they are able to tolerate the introduction of antigens
without eliciting an inflammatory immune response.
micro-metrical antagonism ANSWER microbiome competes w/ potential pathogens, or
normal flora keeps it in check because their survival lessens survival of others
microbiome ANSWER normally harmless residents of body comprise the human flora all
microbes in a particular environment
consumption of nutrients, create an unfavorable environment, prevent attachment to
host cells, stimulates second line of defense, and provides vitamins to host - ANSWER
how do members of the microbiome make it hard for pathogens to compete?
antimicrobial peptides - ANSWER present in skin, mucous membranes, neutrophils and
act against a variety of microbes (not specific) by working in conjunction with other
things
peptides - ANSWER small proteins
saliva - ANSWER washes microbes from teeth, gums, tongue, and palate (contain
lysozyme)
stomach acid - ANSWER digests and or inhibits microorganisms (low pH)
gastroferritin - ANSWER sequesters iron being absorbed, making it unavailable for
microbial use
bile - ANSWER inhibitory to most microorganisms
peristalsis - ANSWER moves GI contents through GI tract, constantly eliminating
potential pathogens
defecation and vomitting - ANSWER two ways that the body can eliminate
