ABSITE TRAUMA/ CRITICAL CARE
Exam with 100% correct Answers. | 100%
Pass | Grades A+
What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - Answer✔ DBP
+ 1/3 x (SBP - DBP)
What is the normal range for cardiac output (CO)? - Answer✔ 4-8 L/min
What is the normal range for cardiac index (CI)? - Answer✔ 2.5-4
L/min
What complications can occur during central venous catheter
placement? - Answer✔ Pneumothorax, arterial puncture, air or wire
embolism, dysrhythmia, av fistula, pseudoaneurysm
What should you immediately do if a patient receives an air embolus? -
Answer✔ Roll pt to left and trendelenberg to keep air in R atrium or
ventricle, attempt to aspirate air with central venous catheter/pulmonary
artery catheter
Relative contraindications for pulmonary artery catheter placement: -
Answer✔ Left bundle branch block, h/o pneumonectomy
Treatment for hemoptysis after pulmonary artery catheter placement: -
Answer✔ Immediately pull the catheter slightly back and re-inflate the
balloon, increase PEEP to tamponade the bleeding, mainstem intubate
the contralateral lung, attempt may be made to place a fogarty catheter
down the effected side, may need thoracotomy and lobectomy
,What West zone of the lung is the desired location for a pulmonary
artery catheter? - Answer✔ Zone 3 (pressure in pulmonary arteries >
veins > alveoli)
Which portion of the lung has the highest V/Q ratio and which portion
has the lowest V/Q ratio? - Answer✔ V/Q is highest in upper lobes,
lowest in lower lobes
At what point in the respiratory cycle is the PCWP most accurate in a
ventilated patient? - Answer✔ End expiration
At what point in the respiratory cycle is the PCWP most accurate in a
nonventilated patient? - Answer✔ Peak inspiration
What conditions may make the wedge pressure unreliable? - Answer✔
High PEEP
Aortic regurg
Mitral stenosis
Poor left ventricular compliance
Cardiac tamponade
Pulmonary hypertension
ARDS
PTX
Pulmonary artery catheters allow the direct measurement of which
physiologic parameters? - Answer✔ CVP
Right atrial pressure
Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure
Pulmonary artery wedge pressure SvO2
What complications are associated with pulmonary artery catheter
placement? - Answer✔ Arrhythmias/conduction defects
Pulmonary artery rupture
Valve damage
,Pulmonary infarct
Catheter knotting, entrapment
What is the normal range for systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? -
Answer✔ 800-1400 dyn x s/cm^5
What is the normal range for SVR index (SVRI)? - Answer✔ 1500-2400
dyn x s/cm^5
What is the normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
(PCWP)? - Answer✔ 7-15 mmHg
What is the normal range for central venous pressure (CVP)? - Answer✔
2-6 mmHg
What is the normal range for pulmonary artery (PA) pressure? -
Answer✔ 20-30/6-15 mmHg
When does the balloon from an intra-aortic balloon pump inflate on
ECG? - Answer✔ T wave (diastole)
When does the balloon from an intra-aortic balloon pump deflate on
ECG? - Answer✔ P wave or start of Q wave (diastole)
Indications for intra-aortic balloon pump placement: - Answer✔ Bridge
to heart tx in pt with LV failure
Cardiogenic shock
Percutaneous coronary angioplasty
Post cardiac surgery
Pre-op for high-risk pt (unstable angina and >70% stenosis of main
coronary artery)
Reversible intracardiac mechanical defect complicating infarct
Unstable angina
, Ventricular dysfunction with EF < 35%
Absolute contraindications to intra-aortic balloon pump placement: -
Answer✔ Aortic regurg
Aortic dissection
Severe aortoiliac occlusive disease
Relative contraindications to intra-aortic balloon pump placement: -
Answer✔ Aortic aneurysm
Aortic or aortofemoral grafts
What is the normal range for mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2)? -
Answer✔ 70% +/-5%
What is SvO2? - Answer✔ O2 saturation in the right ventricle or
pulmonary artery, serves as a marker for peripheral O2 supply and
demand
What factors influence SvO2? - Answer✔ O2 delivery and extraction
Approximate percentage of CO that goes to the kidney: - Answer✔ 25%
Approximate percentage of CO that goes to the brain: - Answer✔ 15%
Approximate percentage of CO that goes to the heart: - Answer✔ 5%
What is an intra-aortic balloon pump? - Answer✔ Cylindrical balloon
that actively deflates during systole to reduce afterload, actively inflates
during diastole to increase blood flow to coronary arteries, resulting in
decreased myocardial O2 demand and increased CO.
Exam with 100% correct Answers. | 100%
Pass | Grades A+
What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - Answer✔ DBP
+ 1/3 x (SBP - DBP)
What is the normal range for cardiac output (CO)? - Answer✔ 4-8 L/min
What is the normal range for cardiac index (CI)? - Answer✔ 2.5-4
L/min
What complications can occur during central venous catheter
placement? - Answer✔ Pneumothorax, arterial puncture, air or wire
embolism, dysrhythmia, av fistula, pseudoaneurysm
What should you immediately do if a patient receives an air embolus? -
Answer✔ Roll pt to left and trendelenberg to keep air in R atrium or
ventricle, attempt to aspirate air with central venous catheter/pulmonary
artery catheter
Relative contraindications for pulmonary artery catheter placement: -
Answer✔ Left bundle branch block, h/o pneumonectomy
Treatment for hemoptysis after pulmonary artery catheter placement: -
Answer✔ Immediately pull the catheter slightly back and re-inflate the
balloon, increase PEEP to tamponade the bleeding, mainstem intubate
the contralateral lung, attempt may be made to place a fogarty catheter
down the effected side, may need thoracotomy and lobectomy
,What West zone of the lung is the desired location for a pulmonary
artery catheter? - Answer✔ Zone 3 (pressure in pulmonary arteries >
veins > alveoli)
Which portion of the lung has the highest V/Q ratio and which portion
has the lowest V/Q ratio? - Answer✔ V/Q is highest in upper lobes,
lowest in lower lobes
At what point in the respiratory cycle is the PCWP most accurate in a
ventilated patient? - Answer✔ End expiration
At what point in the respiratory cycle is the PCWP most accurate in a
nonventilated patient? - Answer✔ Peak inspiration
What conditions may make the wedge pressure unreliable? - Answer✔
High PEEP
Aortic regurg
Mitral stenosis
Poor left ventricular compliance
Cardiac tamponade
Pulmonary hypertension
ARDS
PTX
Pulmonary artery catheters allow the direct measurement of which
physiologic parameters? - Answer✔ CVP
Right atrial pressure
Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure
Pulmonary artery wedge pressure SvO2
What complications are associated with pulmonary artery catheter
placement? - Answer✔ Arrhythmias/conduction defects
Pulmonary artery rupture
Valve damage
,Pulmonary infarct
Catheter knotting, entrapment
What is the normal range for systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? -
Answer✔ 800-1400 dyn x s/cm^5
What is the normal range for SVR index (SVRI)? - Answer✔ 1500-2400
dyn x s/cm^5
What is the normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
(PCWP)? - Answer✔ 7-15 mmHg
What is the normal range for central venous pressure (CVP)? - Answer✔
2-6 mmHg
What is the normal range for pulmonary artery (PA) pressure? -
Answer✔ 20-30/6-15 mmHg
When does the balloon from an intra-aortic balloon pump inflate on
ECG? - Answer✔ T wave (diastole)
When does the balloon from an intra-aortic balloon pump deflate on
ECG? - Answer✔ P wave or start of Q wave (diastole)
Indications for intra-aortic balloon pump placement: - Answer✔ Bridge
to heart tx in pt with LV failure
Cardiogenic shock
Percutaneous coronary angioplasty
Post cardiac surgery
Pre-op for high-risk pt (unstable angina and >70% stenosis of main
coronary artery)
Reversible intracardiac mechanical defect complicating infarct
Unstable angina
, Ventricular dysfunction with EF < 35%
Absolute contraindications to intra-aortic balloon pump placement: -
Answer✔ Aortic regurg
Aortic dissection
Severe aortoiliac occlusive disease
Relative contraindications to intra-aortic balloon pump placement: -
Answer✔ Aortic aneurysm
Aortic or aortofemoral grafts
What is the normal range for mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2)? -
Answer✔ 70% +/-5%
What is SvO2? - Answer✔ O2 saturation in the right ventricle or
pulmonary artery, serves as a marker for peripheral O2 supply and
demand
What factors influence SvO2? - Answer✔ O2 delivery and extraction
Approximate percentage of CO that goes to the kidney: - Answer✔ 25%
Approximate percentage of CO that goes to the brain: - Answer✔ 15%
Approximate percentage of CO that goes to the heart: - Answer✔ 5%
What is an intra-aortic balloon pump? - Answer✔ Cylindrical balloon
that actively deflates during systole to reduce afterload, actively inflates
during diastole to increase blood flow to coronary arteries, resulting in
decreased myocardial O2 demand and increased CO.
