NYSTCE: Educating All Students (EAS)
Exam
Behaviorism - ✔✔ correct answer people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid
punishments.
Reinforcement - ✔✔ correct answer meant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment - ✔✔ correct answer meant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement - ✔✔ correct answer involves giving someone something that he or she wants
Negative reinforcement - ✔✔ correct answer taking away something that someone does not want
Positive punishment - ✔✔ correct answer involves giving someone something that he or she does not
want
Negative punishment - ✔✔ correct answer involves taking away something that someone does want
Extinction - ✔✔ correct answer decreases the chances of a response to something by withdrawing
reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button
Constructivism - ✔✔ correct answer a philosophy of education that says that people construct
knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world
Social learning - ✔✔ correct answer learning through interactions with other people
Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development - ✔✔ correct answer people learn best from other people
who are just a little ahead of them
Project-based learning (PBL) - ✔✔ correct answer focuses on giving an open-ended question and
complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to the problem
, NYSTCE: Educating All Students (EAS)
Exam
4 Steps to PBL - ✔✔ correct answer 1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop theories
to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with solutions; 4. Regroup to
compare solutions and develop a plan.
Critical Theory - ✔✔ correct answer a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view of
society
Critical theory in education - ✔✔ correct answer is about questioning how our educational system can
best offer education to all people
Problems with access to technology - ✔✔ correct answer poorer schools can have a harder time getting
technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower technological fluency than middle-
and upper-class students.
Humanism - ✔✔ correct answer a branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow and
Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate potential.
Self-Directed Learning - ✔✔ correct answer involves students learning what they want and need to
learn, not what the teacher arbitrarily decides is important.
Extrinsic motivators - ✔✔ correct answer things outside of a person that motivate them to do
something.
Self-evaluation - ✔✔ correct answer thoughtful assessment of one's own work
lifelong learners - ✔✔ correct answer people who continue to learn even after they leave school
Learning - ✔✔ correct answer involves storing and accessing information in memory
Exam
Behaviorism - ✔✔ correct answer people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid
punishments.
Reinforcement - ✔✔ correct answer meant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment - ✔✔ correct answer meant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement - ✔✔ correct answer involves giving someone something that he or she wants
Negative reinforcement - ✔✔ correct answer taking away something that someone does not want
Positive punishment - ✔✔ correct answer involves giving someone something that he or she does not
want
Negative punishment - ✔✔ correct answer involves taking away something that someone does want
Extinction - ✔✔ correct answer decreases the chances of a response to something by withdrawing
reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button
Constructivism - ✔✔ correct answer a philosophy of education that says that people construct
knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world
Social learning - ✔✔ correct answer learning through interactions with other people
Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development - ✔✔ correct answer people learn best from other people
who are just a little ahead of them
Project-based learning (PBL) - ✔✔ correct answer focuses on giving an open-ended question and
complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to the problem
, NYSTCE: Educating All Students (EAS)
Exam
4 Steps to PBL - ✔✔ correct answer 1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop theories
to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with solutions; 4. Regroup to
compare solutions and develop a plan.
Critical Theory - ✔✔ correct answer a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view of
society
Critical theory in education - ✔✔ correct answer is about questioning how our educational system can
best offer education to all people
Problems with access to technology - ✔✔ correct answer poorer schools can have a harder time getting
technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower technological fluency than middle-
and upper-class students.
Humanism - ✔✔ correct answer a branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow and
Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate potential.
Self-Directed Learning - ✔✔ correct answer involves students learning what they want and need to
learn, not what the teacher arbitrarily decides is important.
Extrinsic motivators - ✔✔ correct answer things outside of a person that motivate them to do
something.
Self-evaluation - ✔✔ correct answer thoughtful assessment of one's own work
lifelong learners - ✔✔ correct answer people who continue to learn even after they leave school
Learning - ✔✔ correct answer involves storing and accessing information in memory
